Cardiovascular

Question 1

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 1

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Pericardium = sac

Question 2

What is the septum?

Answer 2

the muscle the divides the heart into four chambers

Question 3

Presenting complaints?

Answer 3

syncope (brief loss of consciousness)
palpitation (awareness of ones own heart beat)
radiating pain

Question 4

During inspection of skin colour and nails what are you looking for?

Answer 4

Note lesions, clubbing, scars and odema in the extremities

Question 5

Inspection of the neck?

Answer 5

Juglar distention (bulging of vein) 
carotoid artery (visible pulsation)

Question 6

What are examples of adventitious sounds?

Answer 6

fine + coarse crackles, wheezes, pleural rubs, stridor

Question 7

What causes a murmur?

Answer 7

velocity of blood flow increases, thyrotoxicosis (excessive thyroid hormone) anaemia, narrowed valve, incompetent valve

Question 8

Nursing considerations for the cardiovascular patient

Answer 8

Fear, anxiety & comfort
life style changes
medications
life span considerations