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NUR 122 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What class is Heparin?

A

Anticoagulant

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2
Q

What class is Apresoline?

A

Vasodilator (antihypertensive)

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3
Q

What class is Mevacor?

A

Antihypertensive

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4
Q

What class is Plavix?

A

Platelet Inhibitor

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5
Q

What class is Capoten?

A

ACE inhibitor

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6
Q

What class is Lanoxin (dig)?

A

Cardiac Glycoside

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7
Q

What class is Bumex?

A

Diuretic

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8
Q

What is Bumex given for?

A

Edema

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9
Q

What is digoxin given for?

A

Afib and heart failure

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10
Q

What is Heparin given for?

A

Anticoagulation therapy

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11
Q

What is Apresoline given for?

A

Hypertension

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12
Q

What is Mevacor given for?

A

Coronary ateriosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia

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13
Q

What is Plavix given for?

A

MI, CVA, and peripheral artery disease

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14
Q

What is Capoten given for?

A

CHF, HTN, LV dysfunction (following MI) and diabetic neuropathy

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15
Q

What is the normal Cardiac Output for an adult?

A

4-8 liters per minute

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16
Q

How is cardiac index calculated?

A

Cardiac output divided by body surface area

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17
Q

What is the range of normal cardiac index?

A

2.8-4.2

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18
Q

What is preload?

A

The volume of blood that enters the ventricles at the end of diastole

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19
Q

What is afterload?

A

Afterload is the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump

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20
Q

What is cardiac reserve?

A

Cardiac reserve is the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond to stress, illness, exercise, etc and provide three or four times the cardiac output on demand

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21
Q

Beta-Adrenergic receptors receive which two SNS hormones?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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22
Q

Stimulation of the Parasympathetic nervous system has what effect on the cardiac system?

A

Mediated by the vagus nerve, it causes a decrease in HR and BP

23
Q

Baroreceptors are located where?

A

In the aortic arch and the carotid sinus

24
Q

Baroreceptors do what?

A

They respond to stretch and send intel to the vasomotor center in the brain, which tells inhibits the SNS and tells the parasympathetic system to slow down HR and BP

25
Q

What is the name for increased arterial CO2?

A

Hypercapnia

26
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

27
Q

What MAP is needed to adequately perfuse the bodies organs?

A

A MAP greater than 60

28
Q

What would distended neck veins in a patient indicate?

A

Elevated right atrial pressure and/or right-sided heart failure

29
Q

What would central cyanosis indicate?

A

Inadequate arterial O2

30
Q

What would splinter hemorrhages indicate?

A

Infective endocarditis What causes

31
Q

What would clubbed fingernails mean?

A

COPD, long-term O2 insufficiency, or endocarditis

32
Q

What would color changes in the extremities with postural changes indicate?

A

Chronic decreased arterial perfusion

33
Q

What is a possible cause of ulcers in a pt?

A

Poor venous return, varicose veins, incompetent venous values, arteriosclerosis, or diabetes

34
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

incompetent values in a vein

35
Q

What causes a bounding pulse?

A

hyperkinetic states (like anxiety or fever), anemia, or hyperthyroidism

36
Q

What causes a thready pulse?

A

blood loss, decreased cardiac output, aortic valve disease, peripheral artery disease

37
Q

What causes a thrill/bruit?

A

Aneurysm, aortic regurgitation, arteriovenous fistual

38
Q

What causes a displaced point of maximal impact?

A

left ventricular dilation

39
Q

What is S3?

A

“ventricular gallop”; a low-pitched extra heart sound heard in early diastole

40
Q

What is S4?

A

“atrial gallop”; a low-pitched extra heart sound heard in late diastole

41
Q

What causes a pericardial friction rub?

A

pericarditis

42
Q

What is CK-MB?

A

CK-MB is a cardiac isozyme that is released when myocardial tissue is injured.

43
Q

What CK-MB levels indicate MI?

A

Greater than 4-6%

44
Q

What time frame would you expect to see elevated CK-MB levels in (post MI)?

A

Serum levels rise within 4-6 hours after an MI

45
Q

What is the indicator of preference for MI?

A

Troponin

46
Q

What level of troponin T indicates cardiac damage?

A

Greater than 0.1%

47
Q

What level of troponin I indicates cardiac damage?

A

Less than 0.5 is normal, 0.5-2.3 is suspicious for injury, greater than 2.3 is conclusive for cardiac injury

48
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A low-molecular-weight protein that is very sensitive to cardiac injury.

49
Q

What time frame does myoglobin operate on?

A

Serum concentrations rise within 30-60 minutes after MI

50
Q

What is C-reactive protein?

A

A marker of inflammation that can predict risk of cardiac disease and cardiac events

51
Q

What is a low-risk C-reactive protein?

A

less than 1

52
Q

What would a moderate risk C-reactive protein be?

A

1-3

53
Q

What would be a high risk C-reactive protein?

A

greater than 3

NUR 122 (9 decks)

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