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medsci > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

whats sa node for

A

is where depolarisation occurs heart’s natural pacemaker because it generates electrical impulses that initiate and regulate the heart’s rhythm.

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1
Q

whats av node for

A

causes delay 100m/s

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2
Q

elastic artery

A

large and near heart and havwe elastic walls that expand during systole and push blood out during diastole. Helps maintain bp

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3
Q

muscular artery

A

transports blood from elastic arteries to organs at high pressure. Rate of blood flow is adjusted by using smooth muscle to vary the radius. flow is proportional to fourth power of radius

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4
Q

arterioles

A

controls blood flow to capillaries. greatest pressure drop occurs. degree of contriction determines total peripheral resistance

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5
Q

capillaries

A

allows exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes. no connective tissue or smooth muscle.

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6
Q

venules

A

collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transport it to larger veins. during inflammation this is site where wbc leave to attack bacteria

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7
Q

coronary arteries

A

arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (myocardium)

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8
Q

Where do inputs to CV centre come from

A

Higher brain centres (cerebral cortex), proprioceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

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9
Q

whats p wave

A

atrial depolarisation

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10
Q

whats qrs complex

A

ventricular depolarisation

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11
Q

whats t wave

A

ventricular depolarisation leading to contraction (ventricular systole)

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12
Q

What’s preload

A

EDV or degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibres at end of relaxation (diastole)

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13
Q

Increase in contractility (sympathetic) does what

A

Reduces ESV therefore increasing SV = EDV-ESV

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14
Q

What’s intropy

A

Another way of saying contractility

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15
Q

What happens to depolarisation at SA node for both systems

A

Sym- increase rate of depolarisation
para- decreases rate of depolarisation

16
Q

What’s angiotensin II

A

Hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict to increase bp

17
Q

What’s frank starlings law

A

More in more out

18
Q

What is increase of preload

A

Increase in forcefullness of contraction which increases stroke volume. This increases CO

19
Q

Increase in bp results in

A

Increase firing rate of baroreceptor nerve

20
Q

What does high bp do to heart rate

A

Decreases it

21
Q

Relationship between bp and sympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathetic system brings bp down

22
Q

What neurotransmitter is realeased to slow down heart rate

A

Ach by vagus nerve

23
Q

What’s afterload

A

Resistance that heart must overcome to eject blood during contraction

24
Q

What’s cardiac accelerator nerves

A

Part of sym nervous system and inc HR by innervating SA and AV nodes

25
Q

What do cardiac accelerator nerves do

A

Release NE to act on SA node by increasing rate of spontaneous depolarisation (inc heart beat) and on beta receptors of ventricles that inc contractility

26
Q

What’s diff between persons max and resting CO called

A

Cardiac reserve

27
Q

What’s stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped out per cardiac cycle

28
Q

What’s Angina pectoris

A

pain accompanying myocardial ischemia

29
Q

What’s vasomotor region

A

Regulated peripheral resistance by changing diameter of blood vessels

30
Q

What does blood viscosity directly affect

A

Systematic vascular resistance

31
Q

What’s starlings law

A

Movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space based on balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure

32
Q

BHP+IFOP - BCOP+IFHP

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure, + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Blood colloid, osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid, hydrostatic pressure

33
Q

What’s brachiocephalic

A

artery that branches out from aorta arch and supplies blood to right arm head and neck

34
Q

Result of standing still too long

A

Venous return decrease due to lack of skeletal muscle pumping of veins so SV drops = decrease in CO

35
Q

What’s hypertension

A

bp in arteries is elevated

36
Q

Does sym or para have vagus as primary nerve

A

Para

37
Q

What can increase calcium in cell

A

Sympathetic system

medsci (10 decks)

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