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NAPLEX Test Prep > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

LDL calculation

A

LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5

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2
Q

Goal LDL, HDL, triglycerides

A

LDL < 100
HDL > 40 (women) or > 50 (men)
Triglycerides < 150

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3
Q

Drugs that increase LDL and TGs

A

Diuretics, efavirenz, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, atypical antipsychotics, proteas inhibitors

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4
Q

Drugs that increase LDL

A

Fibrates, fish oils

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5
Q

Drugs that increase triglycerides

A

IV lipids, propofol, clevidipine, bile acid sequesterants

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6
Q

Statin MOA

A

Inhibit HMG-CoA –> block cholesterol production

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7
Q

Statins that must be taken in the evening

A

Fluvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin

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8
Q

Statins that interact with CYP3A4

A

simvastatin, lovastatin (kind of atorvastatin)

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9
Q

Statin intensities

A

High – rosuvastatin 20-40, atorvastatin 40-80
Moderate – rosuvastatin 5-10, atorvastatin 10-20, simavstatin 20-40

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10
Q

Ezetimibe MOA

A

Inhibits cholesterol absorption

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11
Q

PCSK9 Inhibitor MOA

A

Prevents LDL receptor degredation (increases LDL degredation)

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12
Q

Percent cholesterol lowering with cholesterol meds

A

High-intensity statin: 50%
Moderate-intensity statin: 30-49%
Ezetimibe: 25%
PCSK9: 60%

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13
Q

Do not use statins with what other cholesterol medication?

A

Gemfibrozil

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14
Q

When taken with simvastatin, what increases risk of myagia?

A

Red yeast rice, niacin, fenofibrate

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15
Q

When should isosorbide dinitrate doses be schedules?

A

~7 hours apart (BID dosing)

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16
Q

Bidil

A

isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine

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17
Q

Drugs to avoid with heart failure

A

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, DPP4s, anthracyclines, itraconazole, NSAIDs

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18
Q

CPK cut off for rhabdomyolysis

A

> 10,000

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18
Q

Slow acetylators of procainamide are at increased risk of what?

A

Accumulation and toxicity

19
Q

carvedilol to Coreg CR dosing

A

3.125 mg BID = 10 mg CR

20
Q

Fluid restriction in HF

A

1.5-2 L per day

21
Q

What lab abnormalities increase risk of digoxin toxicity?

A

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia

22
Q

Action potential

A

Na in, K out and Ca in, K out
Antiarrhythmics stop Na in and K out

23
Q

When to use QTc

A

HR > 60

24
Q

Conduction pathway

A

SA node –> atria (contract) –> AV node (slows) –> bundle of his –> right and left branches –> spread through purkinje fibers (ventricles contract)

25
Q

P wave and T wave

A

Atria contracting, ventricles relaxing

26
Q

Each class of antiarrhythmics

A

I (Na blockers), II (beta blockers), III (K blockers), IV (Ca blockers)

27
Q

Which drugs are class I antiarrhythmics

A

Quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, mexiletine, flecainide, proafenone

28
Q

Which drugs are class III antiarrhythmics

A

Amiodarone, dronaderone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetalide

29
Q

Which antiarrhythmics are contraindicated in heart failure

A

Flecainide, propafenone (class Ic), dronaderone, diltazem/verapamil

30
Q

Which antiarrhythmics are preferred for heart failure

A

Amiodarone, dofetalide

31
Q

Which arrhythmias are lidocaine and mexiletine useful for

A

Ventricular arrhythmias only

32
Q

Which antiarrhythmics are contraindicated in MI

A

Flecainide, propafenone (class Ic)

33
Q

Side Effects of amiodarone

A

pulmonary toxicity, blue skin, hypotension, DILE, hypothyroidism

34
Q

Amiodarone and digoxin together

A

Decrease digoxin (and warfarin) dose by 50% when adding amiodarone

35
Q

Which antiarrhythmics must be started in the hospital

A

Sotalol, dofetalide

36
Q

Digoxin MOA

A

Na-K-ATPase blocker (suppresses AV node conduction, decreaes HR)
Positive inotrope, negative chronotrope

37
Q

Digoxin typical dose and therapeutic level

A

0.125-0.25 mcg daily, 0.8-2 ng/mL (draw 12-24 hours after dose)

38
Q

Digoxin renal dosing

A

Decrease dose or frequency if CrCl < 50

39
Q

Digoxin PO to IV

A

Decrease dose by 25% when converting PO to IV

40
Q

Adenosine MOA

A

Adenosine receptor agonist

41
Q

First-line treatment for Afib rate control

A

Beta blocker or non-DHP CCB

42
Q

Second-line treatment for Afib rate control

A

Digoxin (add on or montherapy in those who do not tolerate first-line)

43
Q

Cardioversion drugs

A

Amiodarone, dofetalide, flecainide, ibutilide, propafenone

44
Q

Afib ryththm maintenance drugs

A

Dofetalide, dronaderone, flecainide, propafenone, sotalol

NAPLEX Test Prep (12 decks)

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