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Hesi Prep > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What system is responsible for the internal transport of substances to and from cells?

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

Circulatory system consist of three parts what are they?

A

Blood, blood vessels, heart

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3
Q

What is composed of water, solutes, and other elements in fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood

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4
Q

What are the tubules of different sizes that transport blood?

A

Blood vessels

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5
Q

What is the muscular pump providing pressure necessary to keep blood flowing?

A

Heart

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6
Q

Circulatory system can be either _____ or _______?

A

Open or closed

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7
Q

Animals have closed systems, where what two things are continuously connected?

A

Heart and blood vessels

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8
Q

As blood moves through the circulatory system from larger tubules through smaller ones, the rates does what?

A

Slows down

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9
Q

The flow of blood in the _____ is quite slow.

A

Capillary beds

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10
Q

Capillary beds are the?

A

Smallest tubules in the body

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11
Q

What is a supplementary system, cleans up excess fluids, proteins, and returns them to the circulatory system?

A

Lymph vascular system

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12
Q

All blood vessels walls consist of three layers, what are they?

A

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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13
Q

What is the innermost layer of blood vessel walls?

A

Tunica intima

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14
Q

What is the inner/middle layer of the blood vessel wall?

A

Tunica media

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15
Q

What is the outer layer of the blood vessel wall?

A

Tunica adventitia

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16
Q

Includes aorta, major branches. Tunica media has more elastin than any other vessels. Largest vessels in arterial system ?

A

Elastic arteries

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17
Q

Which artery function: stretch when blood is forced out of the heart and recoils under low pressure?

A

Elastic artery function

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18
Q

Includes arteries that branch off from elastic arteries. Tunica media has more smooth muscle cells and fewer elastic fibers compared to elastic arteries?

A

Muscular arteries

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19
Q

Which artery function: regulate blood flow by vasoconstriction or vasodilation?

A

Muscular artery function

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20
Q

Tiny vessels that lead to capillary beds. Tunica media is thin but composed of smooth muscle cells?

A

Arterioles

21
Q

Which artery function: primary vessels involved in vasoconstriction/ vasodilation. Control blood flow to capillaries?

A

Arteriole function

22
Q

Tiny vessels that exit capillary beds. Thin, porous walls, few muscle cells and elastic fibers?

A

Venules

23
Q

Which artery function: empty blood into larger veins?

A

Venules

24
Q

Thin tunica media and tunica intima. Wide lumen and valves prevent back flow of blood?

A

Veins

25
Q

Which artery function: carry blood back to the heart?

A

Vein function

26
Q

Blood helps maintain healthy internal environment by _____ raw materials to cells and _______ waste products?

A

Carrying/ removing

27
Q

Blood also helps stabilize internal pH and host various kinds of _______?

A

Infection fighters

28
Q

An adult human has how many quarts of blood?

A

5 quarts

29
Q

Blood is composed of?

A

Red & white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.

30
Q

Plasma constitutes over _____ of the blood volume?

A

Half

31
Q

Plasma is mostly water and serves as a?

A

Solvent

32
Q

What contains plasma proteins, ions, glucose, amino acids, hormones, and dissolve gases?

A

Plasma

33
Q

Red blood cells transport _____ to cells?

A

Oxygen

34
Q

Where do red blood cells form?

A

In the bone marrow

35
Q

How long can red blood cells live?

A

About 4 months

36
Q

Red blood cells are constantly being replaced by fresh ones, keeping total number relatively?

A

Stable

37
Q

White blood cells defend the body against _______ and remove various wastes?

A

Infection

38
Q

What are the five types of white blood cells?

A

Lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

39
Q

What are fragments of stem cells and serve an important function of blood clotting?

A

Platelets

40
Q

The heart is a muscular pump made out of?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

41
Q

The heart has how many chambers?

A

Four chambers

42
Q

Each halve of the chambers contain both a?

A

Atrium and ventricle

43
Q

The chamber halves are separated by a valve known as the?

A

AV (atrioventricular) valve

44
Q

The atrioventricular valve is located between the ventricle and artery leading _____ from the heart?

A

Away

45
Q

Valves keep the blood moving in a single direction and _______ any back flow into the chambers?

A

Prevent back flow

46
Q

Does the heart have its own circulatory system with its own coronary arteries?

A

True

47
Q

The heart functions by ______ and _____?

A

Contracting and relaxing

48
Q

______ contraction fills the ventricles and ______ contraction empties them, forcing circulation.

A

Atrial; Ventricular

49
Q

The sequence of atrial contraction and ventricular contraction is called the?

A

Cardiac cycle

Hesi Prep (6 decks)

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