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BCGP > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which medications inhibit effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and should not be used with them?

A

Phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, St. John’s wort, levetiracetam, rifampin

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2
Q

Which agents can be used for rhythm control in patients with coronary artery disease (4)?

A

Dofetilide
Dronedarone
Sotalol
(Amiodarone)

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3
Q

Which agents can be used for rhythm control in patients with heart failure?

A

Dofetilide
Amiodarone

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4
Q

Which rhythm control meds must be initiated in hospital due to the need for continuous EKG monitoring?

A

Sotalol, dofetilide

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5
Q

Which anticoagulant should not be used in a patient with creatinine clearance of 95 mL/min or greater?

A

Edoxaban

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6
Q

Medication causes of hypertension

A

Corticosteroids
Cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Erythropoetin stimulating agents
NSAIDs
Sympathomimetics

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7
Q

Stage one hypertension, definition

A

130 - 139/80 -90 mmHg

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8
Q

Stage two hypertension, definition

A

> = 140/90 mmHg

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9
Q

Drugs with negative inotropic effects

A

Anti-arrhythmics
Beta-blockers
Non-DHP CCBs
Itraconazole

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10
Q

Cardiotoxins

A

alcohol
Chemo (anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel)
Amphetamines

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11
Q

Medications which can trigger heart failure flare due to sodium and water retention

A

Androgens and estrogens
COX-2 inhibitors
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDs
Salicylates
Thiazolidinediones

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12
Q

What dose of ethacrynic acid should be used in a patient switching from torsemide 20 mg daily

A

Ethacrynic acid 50 mg daily

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13
Q

What is the most accurate test for primary aldosteronism? (And positive cut off)

A

Aldosterone:renin activity ratio (30 ng/dL)

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14
Q

Calculating LDL –C

A

TC - (TG/5) - HDL-C

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15
Q

At What level of triglycerides would measurement of apoB be considered?

A

Triglycerides >= 200 mg/dL

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16
Q

What apoB level Constitutes a risk enhancing factor?

A

> 130 mg/dL

17
Q

What are the indications for measurement of lipoprotein a?

A

Family history of premature ASCVD, or personal history of ASCVD not explained by major risk factors

18
Q

What level of Lp(a) is a risk-enhancing factor?

A

Lp(a) > = 50 mg/dL

19
Q

What is the reduction in ASCVD risk provided by 38.7 mg/dL LDL – C reduction?

A

21%

20
Q

LDL – C reduction expected by from high intensity statin therapy

A

> = 50%

21
Q

Which statins are considered high intensity, at what dose?

A

Atorvastatin 80 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg

22
Q

What extent of LDL – C lowering does ezetimibe provide?

A

13-20%

23
Q

When should addition of a PCSK9 inhibitor be considered?

A

Patient on maximally tolerated LDL lowering therapy with LDL– C 70 mg/dL or higher

24
Q

HAS-BLED

A

HTN
Abnormal renal (dialysis, transplant or SCr > 2.6)
Abnormal liver (cirrhosis, Bili > 2 x ULN, AT/ALT/ALP > 3 x ULN)
Stroke
Bleeding
Labile INRs (< 60 Time in range)
Elderly (>65 yrs)
Drugs (ASA or NAIDs) or alcohol

25
Q

CHA2DS2-VASc

A

Congestive heart failure or LV dysfunction
Hypertension
Age (>75 yrs)
Diabetes melitus
Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism
Vascular disease (prior MI, PAD, or aortic plaque)
Age 65-74 yrs
Sex Category (female gender)

26
Q

What is the recommended Fluid restriction for heart failure?

A

48-56 ounces/day

27
Q

Ivabradine criteria for use

A

-Symptomatic HFrEF (=<35%)
-Receiving GDMT, including a beta blocker at max tolerated dose
-In sinus rhythm
-Heart rate >= 70 bpm

28
Q

What is the goal of dyslipidemia treatment in primary prevention with a statin (in patient 50-75 yrs)?

A

Reduce LDL cholesterol by over 50% of baseline
AND
Target an LDL cholesterol less than 70 mg/dL

29
Q

What is the target treatment with high intensity statin for people (50-75 yrs) with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?

A

LDL cholesterol reduction of >= 50%
AND
LDL cholesterol =< 55 mg/dL

30
Q

What is the recommended intensity of therapy initiation in patients over 75 years of age?

A

Moderate intensity

31
Q

What is the expected benefit of adding an SGLT2 inhibitor in person with type 2 diabetes and established preserved ejection fraction heart failure? (HFpEF)

A

Improve symptoms, physical limitations, and quality of life

32
Q

What medication should be added to improve cardiovascular outcome, and reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease progression for patients with type 2 Diabetes and chronic kidney disease with albuminuria already receiving an ACEi or ARB?

A

Finerinone

33
Q

What are the criteria for addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor in a patient with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease?

A

GFR >= 20 mL/min/1.73 m2
AND
Urinary albumin >= 200 mg/g creatinine

BCGP (10 decks)

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