Cardiovascular Flashcards
primary use of diuretics
treat congestive heart failure
primary stimuli for aldosterone
angiotensin II, hyperkalemia
aldosterone hormone type
steroid
osmotic diuretic mechanism of action in body
increase plasma volume, increase renal blood flow
osmotic diuretics mechanism of action in kidney
increase osmolality within tubule, prevent passive water reabsorption
examples of osmotic diuretics
mannitol, glycerol
mannitol contraindication
CHF
glycerol contraindication
diabetes mellitus
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase excretion of
bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, water
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor examples
acetazolamide, dorzolamide
loop diuretic mechanism of action
inhibit Na/K/Cl cosymporter
loop diuretics adverse effects
depletion of Na, K, Cl, dehydration, hypovolemia, azotemia
loop diuretic examples
furosemide, torsemide
furosemide IV
onset 5-10 min; peak effect 30 min; duration of effect 2-3 hrs
furosemide PO
onset 1 hr; peak effect 1-2 hrs; duration 6 hrs
torsemide given
PO
torsemide advantage
longer effect
chronic CHF treatment
2 mg/kg PO BID furosemide
acute CHF treatment
2 mg/kg bolus, repeat bolus or CRI furosemide
thiazide diuretic mechanism
inhibits Na/Cl symporter
thiazide indication
refractory CHF
adverse effects of thiazides
hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypovolemia, azotemia
example of thiazide
hydrochlorothiazide
potassium-sparing diuretics mechanisms
spironolactone: aldosterone antagonist;
triamterene, amiloride: blocks Na channels