Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Question 1

antiseptic

Answer 1

substance applied to living tissue that inhibits growth and development of microorganisms

Question 2

disinfectant

Answer 2

substance applied to inanimate objects to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms

Question 3

germicide

Answer 3

substance used to destroy infective microorganisms

Question 4

cleanser

Answer 4

substance that aids in physical removal of foreign material

Question 5

sanitizer

Answer 5

substance that reduces the number of bacteria to levels considered safe according to public health interpretations

Question 6

sterilization

Answer 6

complete destruction of all forms of microbial life

Question 7

effectiveness dependent on

Answer 7

agent, microorganism, host

Question 8

modes of action

Answer 8

adsorption, diffusion, altered permeability of microorganism

Question 9

in vitro testing of antimicrobials

Answer 9

comparison to phenol

Question 10

physical agents

Answer 10

heat (moist and dry), light

Question 11

light can kill

Answer 11

gram negative and nonsporulating bacteria

Question 12

bacteriostatic pH

Answer 12

3-6

Question 13

bacteriocidal pH

Answer 13

<3

Question 14

______ weak acids penetrate cells and disrupt cell membranes

Answer 14

lipid-soluble

Question 15

inorganic acid used as antiseptic

Answer 15

boric acid

Question 16

organic acid used as antiseptic

Answer 16

acetic, benzoic, oticlens (salicylic, malic, benzoic)

Question 17

antifungal acids

Answer 17

propionic acid and undecylenic acid

Question 18

alkali most effective pH

Answer 18

> 9

Question 19

alkali concern

Answer 19

irritating to skin and mucous membranes

Question 20

surfactant mechanism

Answer 20

decrease surface tension of aqueous solutions

Question 21

anionic surfactant

Answer 21

soap

Question 22

cationic surfactant

Answer 22

quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 23

anionic surfactant inactivated by

Answer 23

cationic surfactant

Question 24

quaternary ammonium compounds inactivated by

Answer 24

serum and tissue debris

Question 25

cationic surfactants better at

Answer 25

disinfecting

Question 26

vet and kennel disinfectant type

Answer 26

quaternary ammonium compound

Question 27

% alcohol used for aseptic preparation of surgeon's hands

Answer 27

80

Question 28

iodine vs chlorine affected by organic matter

Answer 28

iodine less affected

Question 29

iodophor

Answer 29

iodine combined with surfactant, polymer, detergent, wetting agent, solubilizer

Question 30

povidone-iodine

Answer 30

polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine, sustained release of iodine

Question 31

chlorine use

Answer 31

surfaces, wounds, therapeutic shampoo for pyoderma

Question 32

Dakin's solution

Answer 32

0.5% sodium hypochlorite, used for wounds

Question 33

phenols used

Answer 33

hexachlorophene, chlorophenols

Question 34

hexachlorophene spectrum

Answer 34

gram-positive

Question 35

hexachlorophene vs povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine

Answer 35

less effective

Question 36

hexachlorophene toxicity

Answer 36

neurotoxicity

Question 37

chloroxylenol vs chlorhexidine

Answer 37

less effective, no difference in wound infection rate

Question 38

triclosan

Answer 38

in consumer products and suture material

Question 39

heavy metals mechanism

Answer 39

form toxic salts that interferes with bacterial enxymes

Question 40

heavy metals used in vet med

Answer 40

silver compounds

Question 41

hydrogen peroxide action

Answer 41

brief action, not disinfecting

Question 42

gas plasma sterilization

Answer 42

59% hydrogen peroxide in electromagnetic field

Question 43

accelerated hydrogen peroxide

Answer 43

hydrogen peroxide combined with surfactants and other to increase action

Question 44

azo dye spectrum

Answer 44

gram negative

Question 45

basic dye spectrum

Answer 45

gram positive

Question 46

methenamine

Answer 46

PO, converts to formaldehyde in acidic urine

Question 47

cold sterilization

Answer 47

glutaraldehyde

Question 48

triclosan types

Answer 48

ether and phenol

Question 49

chlorhexidine length of action

Answer 49

long-lasting residue

Question 50

chlorhexidine toxicity

Answer 50

low, eyes

Question 51

chlorhexidine solution

Answer 51

0.05% in sterile water

Question 52

chlorhexidine gluconate in ethyl alcohol use

Answer 52

surgery prep

Question 53

polyhexamethylene biguanide effective against

Answer 53

MRSA