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Physiology > Cardiovascuar system 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascuar system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the CVS?

A 
Rapid distribution of nutrients, H2O, electrolytes &
hormones
• Rapid removal of waste products
• Production of interstitial fluid
• Infrastructure of the immune system
• Temperature regulation
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2
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

infection to the valves, ageing

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3
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis? what sits here?

A

fibrous layer between the atria and ventricles

AV valves

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4
Q

what is the apex beat?

A

furthest away from the sternum where the heartbeat can be felt

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5
Q

what percentage of the blood does the venous system hold?

A

70%

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6
Q

what is physiological splitting?

A

when the s2 sound is split into two sounds

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7
Q

What is the windkessel effect?

A

elastic recoil of the heart - when the arteries behave as an elastic reservoir.

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8
Q

What type of arteries are muscular arteries? examples?

A

distributing, brachial and radial arteries

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9
Q

do the muscles distend or relax when pressure rises?

A

distend

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10
Q

what are the properties of arterioles?

diameter?

A

Microscopic vessels

(

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11
Q

What receptors stimulate vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

A

Vasoconstriction
– Generally, α adrenoceptor stimulation
• Vasodilatation
– In some blood vessels β receptors dominate and stimulation
produces vasodilation e.g. skeletal or coronary circulation

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12
Q

What type of vessels are capillaries and what is the diameter?

A

exchange vessels, ~7µm diameter

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13
Q

What type of vessels are venules? diameter? do they contain smooth muscle? effect?

A

Luminal diameter

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14
Q

Can the veins be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?

A

yes but not to the same extent as arteries

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15
Q

Why does a small change in blood volume in the veins have such a large impact on the body?

A

capacitance vessels., hold greater blood volume

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16
Q

Venoconstriction?

A

they constriction than arterioles but greater blood volume

17
Q

What is CO equal to?

A

CO = MABP/TPR

18
Q

What needs to vary to determine blood flow?

A

resistance

19
Q

What is the largest contribution to total resistance?

A

arterioles

20
Q

is total resistance less than or more individual resistances?

A

less than

21
Q

Why does change in blood flow in one organ not effect the other organs?

A

they all flow at different times

22
Q

How is flow through a vascular bed determined?

A

via resistance

23
Q

what is poiseulles law?

A

R = 8hL / πr4

24
Q

what happens to velocity when CS area increases?

A

decreases

25
Q

Why does blood pressure stay low in veins?

A

capacitance vessels, behave as an elastic reservoir

Physiology (5 decks)

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