Endocrinology Flashcards
What is endocrinology?
Study of communication within a living organism by means of hormones
What are effect of hormones on oral maxillary health?
Calcium disorders: Bones less radiodense Candidiasis Hypoplasia of enamel and dentine Short roots, delayed eruption
Growth Hormone disorders
Accelerated tooth development
Enlarged jaw/teeth spacing and orientation affected
Thyroid disorders Accelerated/Retarded tooth development Demineralisation Excessive dental caries Exaggerated response to narcotics and barbiturates
where is the pituitary gland?
Base of the brain and close apposition to the hypothalamus
What hormone does the neuroendocrine cells and what other hormone does it stimulate via which circulation?
Hypothalamic hormone stimulates the anterior lobe hormone released by glandular cells via the hypophyseal portal circulation.
what type tissue is found in the posterior and anterior lobes?
posterior- neural and anterior- glandular
How many lobes make up the pituitary gland and name?
3, posterior, anterior and intermediate
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone that stimulates the release of another hormone
Describe hormone release from anterior pituitary ?
Hypothalamic hormone is release from the hypothalamus goes down direct route to anterior lobe via hypophyseal portal circulation.
binds to receptors of glandular cells leads to release of anterior lobe hormone into circulation.
In posterior pituitary lobe describe route?
axons from hypthalamus project right down into posterior lobe via pituitary stalk.
posterior lobe hormone is released from axon terminal into general circulation.
What can hypothalamus detect?
Levels of circulating:
hormones , metabolites, nutrients and electrolytes
stress, cold, trauma, hunger, pain, neural reflex
Does the hypothalamus send both inhibitory and stimulatory hormones?
Yes, like GHRH for stimulatory and SS for inhibitory
What are the two types of hormone released by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland?
oxytocin and ADH ( vasopressin)
action of oxytocin?
1) during labor to cause contraction of uterus
2) during lactation essential for milk let-down
what are trophic hormone?
hormones have a growth effect on cells/tissues:
hyperplasia – increasing cell number or hypertrophy – increasing cell size, or both
What type of response is stretch-sensitive sensory cells?
Neural reflux
