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DT3- EXAM 1 > Cardiovacular Embryology- Melissa (3)* > Flashcards

Cardiovacular Embryology- Melissa (3)* Flashcards

1
Q

By what weeks (gestation) have the endocardial tubes formed?

A

2-3 weeks (18-19 days)

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2
Q

By what week gestation do the paired endocardial tubes fuse and establish trunks arteriosis outflow?

A

3 weeks

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3
Q

By when do contractions begin in the fetal heart?

A

3-4 weeks; 22-23 days

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4
Q

What is happening during week 4 gestation in terms of heart development?

A

heart tube continues to elongate, curves to form S shape

also circulation begins d27-29

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5
Q

When does atrial and ventricular separation start?

When is it complete?

A

Week 5/ Day 26

Complete (4 chambers closed) by day 50

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6
Q

At what point does the foramen ovale close?

What rudimentary structure is left?

A

Week 37/ 38 (after birth in response to the pressure difference)
*Fossa Ovalis remains

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7
Q

Describe the 3 steps that lead up to formation of the single heart tube:

A
  1. medial migration of angiogenic cells
  2. formation of 2 endocardial tubes
  3. fusion of endocardial tubes (cranial–>caudal) during lateral folding of the embryo
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8
Q

List the 5 dilations of the single heart tube (Cranial–> caudal):

A
  1. Truncus arteriosis
  2. Bulbus cordis
  3. Primative ventricle
  4. Primative atrium
  5. Sinus Venous
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9
Q

Truncus arteriosis derivatives (2):

A
  1. proximal aorta

2. proximal pulm. arteries

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10
Q

Bulbs Cordis derivatives (2):

A
  1. smooth part of R ventricle (conus arteriosis)

2. Part of left ventricle (smooth also, bc its membranous septum?)

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11
Q

Primitive ventricle derivatives:

A

Trebeculated portion of rt and lt ventricles

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12
Q

Primitive atrium derivatives:

A

R (trabeculated), L atria

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13
Q

Sinus venosus derivatives:

A
  1. smooth R atrium (R horn)
  2. coronary sinus (L horn)
  3. oblique vein
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14
Q

Describe the process of DEXTRAL folding:
What is happening?
Why?
What is the end result?

A
  • Bulboventricular sac grows faster than rest of embryo/ pericardial sac
  • Tube folds to the RIGHT–> forms
    bulbovenvricualr fold–> organ shifts LEFT
  • Atrium + sinus venous move dorsal/ cranial and enter pericardial sac
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15
Q

What is the first organ to treat rt/lt symmetry?

A

Heart!

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16
Q

By when is folding of the heart and migration of neural crest cells to the outflow tract complete?

A

Day 28 (week 4)

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17
Q

Describe the order of events in atrial septation (6):

A
  1. SEPTUM PRIMUM forms
    (roof of atrial segment–> endocardial cushion)
  2. SP forms boundaries of FORAMEN PRIMUM
  3. Apoptosis in posterior SP–> FORAMEN SECUNDUM
  4. SP closes
  5. SEPTUM SECUNDUM froms to Rt of SP
    (roof of atrial segment–> endocardial cushion)
  6. SS grows in arc anteriorly–> FORAMEN OVALE
18
Q

What is the foramen ovale/ when is it TECHNICALLY formed?

A

Foramen ovale is ostium secundum covered by septum secundum. Foramen ovale cannot be called foramen ovale until: septum secundum forms + septum primum joins endocardial cushions.

(Very clear and concise; was trying to describe how s.secundum doesn’t totally close–thank you Leah, for revising :)!)

19
Q

Describe atrioventricular canal formation (2):

A
  1. fusion of superior + inferior endocardial cushions–>
    Rt, Lt atrioventricular orifices form
  2. mesenchymal cells form fibrous part of M/T (AV) valves
20
Q

Describe separation of truncus arteriosis (3):

A
  1. neural crest cells elongate outflow tract + aortic arch
  2. ingrowth of 2 opposing mesenchymal ridges
  3. spiraling configuration and fusion of ridges (distal–> proximal)
21
Q

Which three structures fuse to make the membranous portion of the intraventricular septum?
From what heart dilations do they derive?

A
  1. Rt bulbar ridge (bulbs cordis)
    2, Lt bulbar ridge (bulbs cordis)
  2. AV septum (endocardial cushions)
22
Q

By what process do the AV valves form?

A

Delamination of leaflets from superficial myocardium
*Note: myocardium is MESENCHYMAL tissue.
(+ Selective apoptosis to form gaps between leaflets)

23
Q

How does the muscular portion the ventricular septum form?

How do the 4 chambers all close off?

A
  • apical portions of ventricles balloon out;

- merger of the muscular ventricular septum with the outflow separation closes off the 4 chambers

24
Q

Derivatives of first aortic arch

A

Maxillary and external carotid artery (ECA)

25
Q

Derivatives of second aortic arch

A

Stapedial and hyoid aa

26
Q

Derivatives of third aortic arch

A

Common carotid aa. and proximal internal carotid aa

27
Q

Derivatives of 4th aortic arch

A

Lt: aortic arch
Rt: subclavian, then degenerates distally (failure to degenerate = double aortic arch; #1 type of vascular ring!)

28
Q

Derivatives of 6th aortic arch

A

proximal: rt, lt pulm. arteries

Left distal: ductus arteriosus

29
Q

How do the pulm. vv’s form?

By what week have they fused with the developing atrium?

A

Lung bud 1 + Lung bud 2–>
Primitive pulm vein–>
Incorporates into wall of developing atrium by 8 weeks

30
Q

By when has common pulm vein differentiated into rt and lt vv’s draining info left side of atrial septum,?

A

12 weeks

31
Q

Persistant primitive heart tube:

A

lethal

32
Q

Defective looping of heart tube:

A

dextrocardia, situs inverts

First Aid: Kartagener Syndrome, L –> R dynein deficiency

33
Q

Effects of double wedging/ ventricular separation:

A

double outlet right ventricle

34
Q

Derivatives of dorsal aorta?

A

Right subclavian

Left subclavian and descending aorta

35
Q

Derivatives of vittelline arteries

A

SMA, IMA, Celiac

36
Q

Derivatives of umbilical arteries:

A

Internal iliac
Superior vesical
(Arteries)

+ mediaL umbilical ligaments

37
Q

When and where do coronary arteries originate?

A

33-39 days

Extracardiac tissue joins aorta in the sinuses of valsalva

38
Q

What parts of the heart are derived from neural crest cells? What is the rest derived from?

A

AP septum & carotid body from neural crest cells

The rest is driver from splanchnic mesoderm

39
Q

What would you expect to see in terms of cardiac development at each of the following times?

  1. 18-24 days
  2. 22-24 days
  3. 26-40 days (2 things)
  4. 29-55 days
  5. 33-39 days
A
  1. 18-24 days: formation of heart tube
  2. 22-24 days: heart beats
  3. 26-40 days (2 things): separation/ chamber formation, great vessel formation
  4. 29-55 days: valves form
  5. 33-39 days: coronary vessels form
40
Q

Memory Hook for Aortic Arches

A

1: 1st arch is MAXimal (maxillary artery)/ ECA
2: “S” for “s”econd = “s”tapedial/ hyoid
3: C- 3rd letter of alphabet- CCA/ ICA
4th: supplies the FOUR limbs (left- aortic arch, right subclavian)
5th: You won’t “F”ind the “F”ifth anywhere
6: pulmonary arteries/ ductus arteriosus.
(ductus has 6 letters)

41
Q

Failure of right 4th aortic arch?

A

Double vascular ring.

DT3- EXAM 1 (26 decks)

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