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DT3- EXAM 1 > Cardiac Infections- IL- Mary (3)* > Flashcards

Cardiac Infections- IL- Mary (3)* Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Bartonella:
Gram stain
Description
Motility

Growth Requirements

A

Gram (-)
curved, small, pleomorphic bacillus
Nonmotile

aerobic: fastidious growth requirements in prolonged humid atmosphere (6wks)

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2
Q

Bartonella Species

3 common +3 uncommon

A

Common:
B. bacilliformis, B. henselae, B. quintana

Uncommon:
B. elisabethae, B. clarridgeiae, B. grahmaii

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3
Q 
Oroya Fever/Carrion's disease:
Cause
Description of Disease
Incubation period
Severity of disease?
A

B. bacilliformis
Acute Febrile illness w/ severe anemia–>chronic cutaneous form
2-6wk incubation
High mortality rate w/o therapy

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4
Q

Oroya Fever insect vector

Locations (3)

A

Lutzonmyia sandfly

Peru/Ecuador/Columbia (ANDES MOUNTAINS)

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5
Q

Oroya Development of Acute Disease

A

Bite–>bacteria into RBC–> acute anemia

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6
Q

Symp of Mild Oroya Fever (5 systems)

What happens when these infections resolve?

A
  1. Myalgias/arthalgias
  2. Lymphadenopathy
  3. CNS: HA, mental change, seizures
  4. GI: anorexia, abd pain
  5. Heart: Angina
    ends w/ Humoral Immunity
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7
Q

Chronic Oroya Fever (mos-yrs)

A

Benign bloody nodules (1-2cm)
Heal on their own

Asymp bacteremia in 15% survivors (reservoir)

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8
Q

Trench Fever:
bacterial species
Insect Vector

A 
B. quintana
Pediculus humanus (body louse)
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9
Q 
Geographic Location of B. quintana
Populations infected(2)
A

Worldwide

  1. homeless (poor sanitation)
  2. AIDS
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10
Q

Trench Fever Signs/Symp (3)

A
  1. recurring FEVERS lasting 5 days (quintana=5)
  2. HA, myalgia
  3. Conjunctivitis
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11
Q

Cat Scratch Disease:

bacterial species

A

B. henselae

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12
Q

1 clinical human infection of Bartonella

A

Cat Scratch Disease

22,000 cases in USA (no higher incidence in vets)

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13
Q 
Cat Scratch Disease:
Cat Factoids (3)
A

stray cats > indoor cats; kittens > cats; cats are asymptomatic

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14
Q

Cat Scratch disease:

Transmission

A

cats–> fleas–>cats–>human (bite/scratch/flea)

flea–>human (not common)

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15
Q

Cat Scratch Disease :

Symptoms and timeline (4)

A

-papule/pustule (3-10d) lasting 1-3wk

-Regional ipsi LN enlargement (1-7wk)
+ F/Rash/malaise

  • Chronic regional draining adenopathy (lasts 2-4mos)
  • spontaneous resolution
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16
Q

Atypical Cat Scratch Disease (5)

A
  1. Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
  2. Granulomatous hepatitis
  3. Pneumonitis
  4. Neuro: Encephalopathy/ neuroretinitis
  5. Fever of unknown origin (FUO)
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17
Q

Bartonella Endocarditis:
Culture (+) or (-)
Species (2)
symp (3)

A 
Culture (-)
B. quintana, B. hensalae
subacute presentation
1. Fever
2. embolic phenomena
3. valvular heart disease

“so symptoms are pretty much the same w/ all Infective endocarditis”

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18
Q

Bacillary Angiomatosis:
Species (2)
patient population (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

B. quintana, B. hensalae

HIV/organ transplant/immunocompromised

19
Q

Bacillary Angiomatosis:
What do the lesions look like?
Where are the lesions typically found?
Symptoms (3)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Raised red/purple lesions (can bleed)–>like hemangioma
    or Hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques
  2. Lesions: oral/nasal/genital mucosa
  3. Bone Pain: Forearms/legs
  4. GI: Abd pain, N/V, Jaundice, GI bleed, anorexia
  5. Other: F/C, Malaise, Night Sweats
20
Q

Bartonellosis Diagnosis:

  1. Stains + organism that can be dx’ed this way?
  2. Is culture a good method for all manifestations of bartonellosis?
  3. What is the #1 way to dx b. henslae + b. quintana?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Oroya Fever (bacilliformis): Giemsa stain
  2. Culture: Not for Cat Scratch Disease; ok for other manifestations of henslae/ quintana infection
  3. Serology: #1 method (IgG/IgM immunoassays)
    IgM >1:16 = recent infection
    IgG >1:256 = current/past infection
    Repeat 1-2wks later
21
Q

Treatment:

  1. Oroya Fever (B. bacilliformis)
  2. Cat Scratch Disease (B. henselae)
  3. Bacillary angiomatosis
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Oroya: Chloramphenicol (S. Am)
    Ciproflox, Doxy, Bactrim
  2. CSD lymphadenitis: Azithromycin
  3. Erythromycin/azithromycin or Doxy (8-10wk in HIV or endocarditis)
22
Q

Whats HACEK stand for?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Haemophilus aprophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

*H. aprophilus + Actinobacillus are group into Aggregatibacter

23
Q

HACEK growth pattern

Study These Flashcards
A

slow growing, fastidious (CO2 atmosphere)

Deep infections

24
Q

Non-Cardio H + A manifestations (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Meningitis/Brain Abscess
  2. Soft Tissue Infection, Parotitis
  3. Septic Arthritis, Osteomyelitis
  4. UTI
  5. Pneumonia
25
Cardio H + A manifestations (3) H, A are endogenously found where?
1. Empyema + Chest Wall Infection 2. Pericarditis 3. Endocarditis *Flora of Mouth -->periodontitis
26
H + A: Diagnosis/Culture Treatment
Dx: blood/chocolate agar Tx: - #1 = 3rd gen Ceph - Bactrim, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Aminoglyc.
27
``` Cardiobacter: Gram stain Description Motile? Aerobic/Anaerobic Growth ```
``` Gram (-) small pleomorphic rod non-motile facultative anaerobic fermentative, indole, and oxidase (+) 1-2wk in broth -or- enhanced CO2/humidity on agar ```
28
Where can Cardiobacter be found in healthy humans? Predisposing factors to C. hominid infection (2)?
respiratory tract (low virulence) | 1. heart disease 2. dental procedures/oral disease bacteria enters blood through oropharynx
29
Symptoms of C. hominis endocarditis
slow onset w/ Fever + Malaise
30
Treatment of C. hominis
Penicillins (Ceftriaxone, ampicillin w/ gentamicin)
31
Eikenella Corrodens: | Transmission (2)
"corrodes" agar 1. Human Bite Wounds 2. Fist-Fight Injury
32
Eikenella manifestations (4) Treatment
1. brain abscesses 2. sinusitis 3. pneumonia/ lung abscess 4. endocarditis Tx: Penicillin (extendend cephalosporins, tetracyclines) symptoms: "Brad Sucker Punched Egleton" -->b/c Eikenella is transmitted by fighting
33
Kingella Kingae: Gram Stain Description Endogenously found where on humans?
Gram (-) small coccobacilli human oropharynx
34
Kingella in children Treatment
"sterile"/aseptic arthritis (but actually septic) w/ Pain, F | Tx: children generally recover, abx similar to Eikenella (Penicillin)
35
Strep species causing: | abscess in brain, oropharynx, peritoneal cavity
S. anginosus S. constellatus S. intermedius "ANGIe is CONSTantly INTERrupting about abscess in the brain, oropharynx and peritoneal cavity. Idiot"
36
Strep species causing: | Subacute bacterial endocarditis, neutropenic sepsis, penumonia, meningitis
S. mitis S. pneumoniae S. oralis
37
Strep Species causing: | Dental caries, endocarditis
S. mutans S. sobrinus "Mutans mutates your teeth into cavities"
38
Strep Species Causing: | bacteremia, endocarditis
S. Salivarius "Sail BAC to my heart (ENDOCARDITIS)"
39
Strep species causing: | colon cancer, meningitis
Strep Bovis (S. gallolyticus, S. pasteurianus) "if Strep bovis, be sure to look at their bowels"
40
Strep species causing: | Meningitis, bacteremia, strep toxic shock syndrome
S. suis "I'm SUper SHOCKed MEN eat BACon"
41
Nutrient variable Strep species causing: | endocarditis, pancreatic abscess, otitis media, postpartum + postabortal sepsis
Abiotrophia
42
hemolysis of Strep viridans | treatment
alpha (partial) hemolytic | Tx: penicillin (bacteriostatic) +/- aminoglycoside
43
Strep species that cause endocarditis (6)
#1 strep viridans (alpha hemolytic) 2. Mitis 3. Mutans (also dental caries) 4. Salivarius 5. Abiotropia 6. Bovis (also colon cancer)

DT3- EXAM 1 (26 decks)

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