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physio > cardioresp > Flashcards

cardioresp Flashcards

1
Q

resp rate normal adult

A

12-20

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2
Q

resp rate normal infant

A

30-50

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3
Q

resp rate normal child

A

20-30

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4
Q

bradypnea RR

A

<12 breaths/minute

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5
Q

tachypnea RR

A

> 20 breaths/minute

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6
Q

hypotension value

A

<90/60mmHg

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7
Q

normal BP value

A

120/80mmHg

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8
Q

hypertension BP value

A

> 140/90mmHg

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9
Q

Orthostatic BP definition/drop mmHg

A

drop of systolic BP by 20 mmHg going from lying to upright

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10
Q

signs of right sided heart failure

A

jugular vein distension, ascites, peripheral (dependent edema), increased peripheral venous pressure

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11
Q

signs of left sided heart failure

A

pink frothy sputum, cyanosis, shortness of breath with exertion, cough, crackles

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12
Q

green mucus with foul odor resp condition

A

bronchiectasis, lung abscess

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13
Q

FEv1/FVC% definition

A

amount of air that can be expired in 1 second

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14
Q

normal breathing pattern

A

diaphragm >70%, lateral costals <30% 1:2 ratio

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15
Q

distress breathing patterns

A

apical, paradoxical (reverse pattern of ventilation (trauma) - inhale chest moves in and exhale chest wall expands, flail chest (rib #), use of abdominals to actively expire (floppy lung, emphesema)

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16
Q

obstructive disease ratio of inspiration to expiration

A

1:3 or more air trapping

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17
Q

restrictive disease ratio of inspiration:expiration

A

1:1

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18
Q

barrel chest

A

AP to lateral ratio 1:1 hyperinflation, emphesema, increased lung compliance

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19
Q

thick yellow mucopurulent sputum

yellow mucopurulent sputum

A

cystic fibrosis

infection (chronic bronchitis, pneumonia)

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20
Q

pink frothy sputum

A

pulmonary edema, left sided heart failure

21
Q

normal capillary refill time

A

adults 2 seconds
older adults 4 seconds

22
Q

mediastinum shift away from affected lung

A

pneumothorax
pleural effusion
tumor/mass

23
Q

mediastinum shift towards affected lung

A

atelectasis
pleural fibrosis
pneumonectomy

24
Q

increased tactile fremitus (vibrations felt through hands while patient repeats “99” loudly)

A

more dense tissue (something else taking up space)
pneumonia
atelectasis
tumor
lung consolidation

25
Q

reduced tactile fremitus (vibrations felt through hands while patient repeats “99” loudly)

A

less dense tissue (air taking up space)
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
emphysema
COPD
asthma

26
Q

percussion sounds - resonant

A

normal aerated lung tissue

27
Q

percussion sounds - dull

A

non-aerated lung tissue
consolidation
atelectasis
pneumonia
over organs
tumor

28
Q

percussion sounds - hyperresonant

A

hyperinflated lung
COPD
pneumothorax

29
Q

MRSA is transmitted by..

A

contact

30
Q

Tuberculosis is transmitted by..

A

airborne

31
Q

Pneumonia is transmitted by..

A

droplets

32
Q

position for optimal V/Q matching right lobe atelectasis

A

left side lying “good lung down”

33
Q

breathing techniques that promote relaxation

A

pursed lip and diaphragmic breathing

34
Q

trendelenberg position

A

head tilted down 30’

35
Q

active cycle of breathing phases (3)

A

controlled breathing, thoracic expansion, forced expiration technique

36
Q

signs/symptoms to stop exercise session

A

moderately severe or increasing angina
dyspnea
dizziness/light-headedness
ataxia
cyanosis
pallor
excessive fatigue
leg cramps/claudication
diastolic BP > 110 mmHg
systolic BP > 200 mmHg

37
Q

intervention for preventing atelectasis to splint airways open

A

incentive spirometer

38
Q

huff vs cough

A

huff = open glottis
cough = closed glottis
both = forced expiratory techniques

39
Q

suctioning procedure steps

A

infection control
hyperoxygenation
hyperinflation

40
Q

postural drainage position upper lobes apical

A

high sitting pillow behind 30 degree lean back

41
Q

postural drainage position upper lobes posterior

A

patient high sitting leans forward on pillow 30 degrees (reverse trenlenberg)

42
Q

postural drainage position upper lobes anterior segment

A

flat bed supine crook lying pillow under knees

43
Q

postural drainage position right middle lobe

A

trendelenberg (16”), left side lying 1/4 turn backwards to right

44
Q

postural drainage position left upper lobe lingular segments

A

trendelenberg (16”), right side lying 1/4 turn backwards to left

45
Q

lower lobe anterior basal segment position

A

trendelenberg (20”), side lying pillow under knees

46
Q

lower lobes lateral basal segment position

A

trendelenberg (20”), on abdomen, rotate 1/4 turn upward

47
Q

lower lobes posterior basal position

A

trendelenberg (20”), on abdomen pillow under hips

48
Q

lower lobe superior segments position

A

flat bed, on abdomen with two pillows under hips

physio (9 decks)

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