cardioresp Flashcards
resp rate normal adult
12-20
resp rate normal infant
30-50
resp rate normal child
20-30
bradypnea RR
<12 breaths/minute
tachypnea RR
> 20 breaths/minute
hypotension value
<90/60mmHg
normal BP value
120/80mmHg
hypertension BP value
> 140/90mmHg
Orthostatic BP definition/drop mmHg
drop of systolic BP by 20 mmHg going from lying to upright
signs of right sided heart failure
jugular vein distension, ascites, peripheral (dependent edema), increased peripheral venous pressure
signs of left sided heart failure
pink frothy sputum, cyanosis, shortness of breath with exertion, cough, crackles
green mucus with foul odor resp condition
bronchiectasis, lung abscess
FEv1/FVC% definition
amount of air that can be expired in 1 second
normal breathing pattern
diaphragm >70%, lateral costals <30% 1:2 ratio
distress breathing patterns
apical, paradoxical (reverse pattern of ventilation (trauma) - inhale chest moves in and exhale chest wall expands, flail chest (rib #), use of abdominals to actively expire (floppy lung, emphesema)
obstructive disease ratio of inspiration to expiration
1:3 or more air trapping
restrictive disease ratio of inspiration:expiration
1:1
barrel chest
AP to lateral ratio 1:1 hyperinflation, emphesema, increased lung compliance
thick yellow mucopurulent sputum
yellow mucopurulent sputum
cystic fibrosis
infection (chronic bronchitis, pneumonia)
pink frothy sputum
pulmonary edema, left sided heart failure
normal capillary refill time
adults 2 seconds
older adults 4 seconds
mediastinum shift away from affected lung
pneumothorax
pleural effusion
tumor/mass
mediastinum shift towards affected lung
atelectasis
pleural fibrosis
pneumonectomy
increased tactile fremitus (vibrations felt through hands while patient repeats “99” loudly)
more dense tissue (something else taking up space)
pneumonia
atelectasis
tumor
lung consolidation
reduced tactile fremitus (vibrations felt through hands while patient repeats “99” loudly)
less dense tissue (air taking up space)
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
emphysema
COPD
asthma
percussion sounds - resonant
normal aerated lung tissue
percussion sounds - dull
non-aerated lung tissue
consolidation
atelectasis
pneumonia
over organs
tumor
percussion sounds - hyperresonant
hyperinflated lung
COPD
pneumothorax
MRSA is transmitted by..
contact
Tuberculosis is transmitted by..
airborne
Pneumonia is transmitted by..
droplets
position for optimal V/Q matching right lobe atelectasis
left side lying “good lung down”
breathing techniques that promote relaxation
pursed lip and diaphragmic breathing
trendelenberg position
head tilted down 30’
active cycle of breathing phases (3)
controlled breathing, thoracic expansion, forced expiration technique
signs/symptoms to stop exercise session
moderately severe or increasing angina
dyspnea
dizziness/light-headedness
ataxia
cyanosis
pallor
excessive fatigue
leg cramps/claudication
diastolic BP > 110 mmHg
systolic BP > 200 mmHg
intervention for preventing atelectasis to splint airways open
incentive spirometer
huff vs cough
huff = open glottis
cough = closed glottis
both = forced expiratory techniques
suctioning procedure steps
infection control
hyperoxygenation
hyperinflation
postural drainage position upper lobes apical
high sitting pillow behind 30 degree lean back
postural drainage position upper lobes posterior
patient high sitting leans forward on pillow 30 degrees (reverse trenlenberg)
postural drainage position upper lobes anterior segment
flat bed supine crook lying pillow under knees
postural drainage position right middle lobe
trendelenberg (16”), left side lying 1/4 turn backwards to right
postural drainage position left upper lobe lingular segments
trendelenberg (16”), right side lying 1/4 turn backwards to left
lower lobe anterior basal segment position
trendelenberg (20”), side lying pillow under knees
lower lobes lateral basal segment position
trendelenberg (20”), on abdomen, rotate 1/4 turn upward
lower lobes posterior basal position
trendelenberg (20”), on abdomen pillow under hips
lower lobe superior segments position
flat bed, on abdomen with two pillows under hips
