cardiomyopathy Flashcards
what is dilated cardiomyopathy?
the left ventricle is stretched and weakened (enlarged), therefore the heart’s ability to pump blood is decreased.
what are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
idiopathic
alcohol
Doxorubicin
what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Breathlessness/Orthopnoea
biventricular failure
what investigations are used for dilated cardiomyopathy?
CMRI
Bloods - FBC, U&E, plasma BNP
CXR (look for cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema) Coronary Angiogram ECG (look for tachycardia, non-specific T-wave changes, poor R wave progression)
ECHO (dilated heart, low ejection fraction, look for MR, look for TR, look for LV thrombus)
what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
enlarged rigid heart
what treatment is used for dilated cardiomyopathy?
anticoagulation
B-blockers
cardiac transplant
what are the causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Autosomal Dominant, hereditary
idiopathic
what are the symptoms of hypertrophic?
Dyspnoea
chest pain
Syncope
Sudden death
what investigations are used to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Cardiac Catheterisation (thus may provoke VT)
CXR ECG
ECHO
Exercise Test (with continuous BP monitoring)
what treatment is used for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
B-Blockers or Verapamil (for symptoms)
Amiodarone (for arrhythmias - AF, VT)
Anticoagulation
Calcium Channel Blockers
what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
ventricles are too rigid to expand as they fill with blood - there is restrictive filling of the ventricles.
therefore the relaxation/filling phase of the heart is abnormal
what are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Autosomal Dominant
amyloidosis
post radiation
endomyocardial fibrosis
what are the symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Breathlessness
Syncope
Fatigue
Angina
Palpitations
Peripheral Oedema
Right heart failure:
-Raised JVP
-Oedema
- Ascites
-Hepatomegaly
what investigations are used to diagnose restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Cardiac Catheterisation (Diagnosis) CMRI
ECG (noting if LBBB is present and other conduction defects)
ECHO
Bloods - FBC, U&E, BNP
what is the treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy?
*Treat the cause
B-Blockers
Amiodarone
Anticoagulation
Low Sodium Intake
Cardiac Transplant
