Cardiology Intro Flashcards
when is it best to shock someone? (cardioversion)
during a heart beat
where do inferior heart attacks originate from?
right coronary artery
atrial flutter beats a minute?
50 beats a minute
Paroxysmal supraventricle tachycardia
QRS narrow (going through normal conduction system), coming from above AV node
no flutter
starts and stops
younger individual
ventricular tachycardia
start in bottom chamber
QRS wide
where will edema be in signs of right heart failure
legs and sacrum
liver
spleen
ascites
valve closure sound S1
mitral and tricuspid components
- mitral is louder
- enhanced by positive inotropic states
- reduced by closure end diastolic leaflets
valve closure Sound S2
aortic and pulmonic
what does a split S2 mean?
pulmonic delay due to increased ejection time with increased filling
when is S2 louder?
hypertension
pulmonary and systemic
fixed splitting of S2
hear during expiration (no split should be heard)
- RBBB
- left to right shunt
- pulmonary outflow tract obstruction
what murmur causes elderly to pass out?
crescendo/decrescendo at the RSB
paradoxical splitting S2
splitting normally occurs during inspiration (not during expiration)
paradoxical is opposite: are heard on expiration
b/c of: LBBB, aortic stenosis (prolonged ejection), patent ductus (increased LV stroke voluem)
APTM
Aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral
diastolic murmur at RSB
aortic valve
-aortic insufficiency
holosystolic murmur at the apex
mitral regurgiation
crescendo/decrescendo at the RSB
aortic stenosis
congestive heart failure
diastolic rumble
mitral valve stenosis
post-MI pericarditis
-dressler syndrome
intense inflammatory reaction going on around on his heart
-colchizine, want to do a echocardiogram
-aspirin, maybe steroids
loud A-V valve opening sounds
A-V stenosis
early systole
sounds like a split S1
-associated with dilation of aorta or pulmonary artery, vessel disease or valve disease
digoxin
acts on AV node
amiodarone
anti-rhythmic
supra-ventricular and ventricle defects
ventricular filling sounds
Atrial gallop: S4
early diastolic gallop: S3
summation gallop: S3+S4
what does a loud S4 mean?
resistance to ventricular filling (decreased LV compliance)
two kinds of systolic murmur
systolic ejection
pansystolic murmur
reasons for systolic ejection murmur
valve stenosis increased ejection rate valve damage without stenosis vessel dilation combinations all those silence during isometric contraction
murmur gets louder when stand up (with decreased venous return)
obstructive hypertrophic miocardiopathy murmur
systolic ejection murmur occur with
increased flow in:
- ASD
- anomalous venous return
- pregnancy
- anemia
- thyroid disease
- heart block
- aortic insufficiency
pansystolic regurgitant murmurs
- mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
- VSD
- Patent ductus
innocent systolic murmurs
- in children
- often with chest deformity
diastolic murmurs: ventricular filling murmurs
- A-V stenosis
- A-V disease without stenosis
- increased A-V flow
diastolic murmurs: regurgitant murmurs
-incompetent aortic or pulmonary valves
diastolic murmurs: continuous murmurs
- constant venous hum
- patent ductus arteriosus
- aortopulmonary spetal defect
- A-V fistula
