Cardiology Anatomy, Embryology Flashcards
Cardiogenic area is derive from
And it forms
Splanchnic mesoderm
Forms two endocardial tubes
Fusion of endocardial tubes to form single cardiac tube occurs on day
Day 19
Dilatation of primitive heart to form
5 dilatation- Truncus arteriosus Bulbus cordis Primtive ventrice Primitive atria Sinus venosus
Looping of heart is on day
Day 23
Heart starts beating on day
22
Truncus arteriosus splits to form
By fusion of ____
Aorta and pulmonary artery
Spiral septum
Anterior displaced spiral septum leads to
Tetralogy of Fallot
No spiral septum will cause
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Failure of fusion of spiral septum will cause
Transposition of great arteries
Blood source of sinus venosus
Umbilical vein
Vitelline vein
Right common cardinal vein
Smooth part of right atrium is called
It is formed by
Sinus venarum
Body and right horn of SV
Left horn of SV regresses to form
Part of coronary sinus
Primitive atria and ventricle forms
Primitive Atria becomes rough part of atria
Primitive ventricle become rough part of both ventricle (trabeculae carnae)
Smooth part of ventricle is formed by
Bulbus cordis
What forms the connective tissue of endocardium
Cardiac jelly
Vitelline vein gives rise to
Hepatic vein
Superior mesentric vein
Portal vein
Inferior portion of IVC
Foramen ovale is formed between
Septum primum and secundum
Septum primum forms ____ after birth
Septum secundum forms ____ after birth
Fossa ovalis
Limbus fossa
Functional and anatomical closure of ductus arteriosus occurs when
Function-12-24 hrs after birth
Anatomical- 2-3 wks after birth
Median umbilical ligament is developed from
Urachus
Umbilical artery forms
Medial umbilical ligament
Two layers of pericardium and their development
Fibrous - septum transversum
Serous - lateral mesoderm
Heart is
Extrafibrous intraserous
Intrafibrous extraserous
Intrafibrous intraserous
Intrafibrous and extraserous
Nerve supply of pericardium
Fibrous and parietal layer by phrenic nerve
Ans supplies visceral pericardium
Boundaries of sinus in heart
Transverse sinus
Ant aorta and pulmonary trunk
Post svc
Below left atrium
Oblique sinus
Ant left atrium
Side 4 pulmonary vein
Post parietal layer of serous pericardium
Right and left border of heart is formed by
Right border
Right atrium
Left border
Left auricle and left ventricle
Apex and base of heart is formed by
Apex - LV
Base -2/3rd LA 1/3rd RA
Ant surface and diaphragmatic surface of heart
Ant surface - 2/3 RV & 1/3 LV
Diaphragmatic surface - 2/3 LV & 1/3 RV
Crux of heart is formed by
Meeting point of
Interatrial septum
Part of Atrioventricular septum
Interventricular septum
Right coronary artery arises from
Left CA Arises from
Ant part of coronary sinus
Left posterior coronary sinus
Branches of right coronary artery
Conus artery Nodal artery Rt side ant ventricle rami Marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery
Posterior interventricular artery anastomoses with
And it is accompanied by
Anastomoses with circumflex artery
Accompanied by middle cardiac vein
Vessel supplying AV node
Posterior interventricular artery (septal branch)
Branches of left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex artery
AIVA is accompanied by
It’s branches
Accompanied by great cardiac vein Branch Ventricular rami Diagonal branch Septal branch
Why is left dominance related to bad prgnosis
In left dominance anterior interventricular artery and posterior interventricular artery both arise from left coronary artery, so even small infarct or angina can lead to great loss
Kugels artery is a branch of
LCA - Circumflex artery- Atria branch
Obtuse artery is aka
Left marginal artery branch of circumflex artery branch of Left coronary artery
AV node is located in
Triangle of koch Boundaries Base of septal leaflet Coronary sinus Tendon of TODARO
How to locate sa node
Junction of SVC opening into Right atrium
Upper end of crista terminalis
Junction bw posterior smooth wall and anterior rough wall
Only part of conducting system not supplied by RCA
Right bundle branch
Coronary sinus drains into
Valve to guard its opening
Posterior wall of Right atrium
Thebesian valve
Tributaries of coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Oblique vein of LA Posterior vein of LV
Which vein is not a tributary of coronary sinus and drain directly into right atrium
Anterior cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein is accompanied by
Right coronary artery
Ridge separating Smooth and Rough part of RA
Crista terminalis
Muscle fibres on rough part of right atrium
Musculi pectinati
Opening of IVC is guarded by
Eustachian valve
Content of rough inflow part of right ventricle
Trabeculae carnae- Ridges Bridges Moderator band Pillars
Use of moderator band
Prevent over distension of RV
AKA septomarginal trabeculae
Moderator band is absent
Contain 2 papillary muscle
Thick walls
Left ventricle
First arch artery regresses and remnant is known as
Maxillary artery
Second arch artery leaves remnant known as
Stapedial artery
Common carotid is developed from
3rd arch artery (proximal part)
Internal carotid artery is developed from
Distal 3rd arch artery and cranial part of dorsal aorta
6th arch artery forms
Pulmonary artery from proximal part
Ductus arteriosus from left 6th arch artery (distal part)
Lusorian artery is another name of
Abnormal Right Subclavian artery
Right 4th arch artery develops into
Rt Subclavian artery
It is also developed from rt dorsal aorta cranial to 7th intersegmental artery and rt 7th intersegmental artery
Abnormal Subclavian artery is formed when
Right 4th arch and dorsal aorta disappear
7 cervical intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta distal to 7th Cerv intersegmental artery persist
What is dysphagia lusoria
Abnormal right Subclavian artery passes behind oesophagus and compresses it causing dysphagia
Left 4th arch artery forms
Arch of aorta
Left 4th arch artery forms
Arch of aorta
Double aortic arch is formed due to
Right dorsal aorta caudal part persists and forms vascular ring around trachea and oesophagus
Congenital ds causing acyanotic heart ds
Patent ductus arteriosus
Congenital ds causing cyanotic heart ds
Tetralogy of fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great arteries
Parts of interventricular septum and development
Muscular part - from muscle proliferation of bulb ventricle cavity
Membranous part derived from AV cushiom
Bulbar part derived from spiral septum
SA node is pacemaker of heart because
It has highest firing rate
100/min
What is chronotropy
Ionotropy
Dromotropy
Bathmotropy
HR
Myocardial contractility
Cardiac Conduction velocity
Cardiac excitabillity
Why is heart rate 70-80/ min
When sa node firing is 100/min
Due to resting vagal tone ie parasympathetic system decreases heart rate
Restless membrane potential is seen in
SA node -60 to -40 mV
AKA prepotential
What is the cause of prepotential?
Most important delayed opening of K channel,
Funny channel are open
Transient qnd long lasting Ca channel are open
Other name for funny current is
It is seen in
Blocker of funny current
Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide channel
Seen in rods cone olfactory epithelium
Ivabradine
Phases of ventricle action potential
0 depolarization 1 action potential 2 plateau phase 3 repolarization 4 rmp
O2 consumption of heart is determined by
End diastolic volume
Filling pressure
Use of trimetazidine and ranolazine in angina
Both are partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
They block fatty acid oxidation in heart as it require more 02 consumption
