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Cardiology Anatomy, Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiogenic area is derive from

And it forms

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

Forms two endocardial tubes

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2
Q

Fusion of endocardial tubes to form single cardiac tube occurs on day

A

Day 19

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3
Q

Dilatation of primitive heart to form

A 
5 dilatation-
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Primtive ventrice
Primitive atria 
Sinus venosus
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4
Q

Looping of heart is on day

A

Day 23

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5
Q

Heart starts beating on day

A

22

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6
Q

Truncus arteriosus splits to form

By fusion of ____

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

Spiral septum

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7
Q

Anterior displaced spiral septum leads to

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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8
Q

No spiral septum will cause

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

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9
Q

Failure of fusion of spiral septum will cause

A

Transposition of great arteries

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10
Q

Blood source of sinus venosus

A

Umbilical vein
Vitelline vein
Right common cardinal vein

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11
Q

Smooth part of right atrium is called

It is formed by

A

Sinus venarum

Body and right horn of SV

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12
Q

Left horn of SV regresses to form

A

Part of coronary sinus

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13
Q

Primitive atria and ventricle forms

A

Primitive Atria becomes rough part of atria

Primitive ventricle become rough part of both ventricle (trabeculae carnae)

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14
Q

Smooth part of ventricle is formed by

A

Bulbus cordis

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15
Q

What forms the connective tissue of endocardium

A

Cardiac jelly

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16
Q

Vitelline vein gives rise to

A

Hepatic vein
Superior mesentric vein
Portal vein
Inferior portion of IVC

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17
Q

Foramen ovale is formed between

A

Septum primum and secundum

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18
Q

Septum primum forms ____ after birth

Septum secundum forms ____ after birth

A

Fossa ovalis

Limbus fossa

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19
Q

Functional and anatomical closure of ductus arteriosus occurs when

A

Function-12-24 hrs after birth

Anatomical- 2-3 wks after birth

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20
Q

Median umbilical ligament is developed from

A

Urachus

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21
Q

Umbilical artery forms

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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22
Q

Two layers of pericardium and their development

A

Fibrous - septum transversum

Serous - lateral mesoderm

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23
Q

Heart is
Extrafibrous intraserous
Intrafibrous extraserous
Intrafibrous intraserous

A

Intrafibrous and extraserous

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24
Q

Nerve supply of pericardium

A

Fibrous and parietal layer by phrenic nerve

Ans supplies visceral pericardium

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25
Boundaries of sinus in heart
Transverse sinus Ant aorta and pulmonary trunk Post svc Below left atrium Oblique sinus Ant left atrium Side 4 pulmonary vein Post parietal layer of serous pericardium
26
Right and left border of heart is formed by
Right border Right atrium Left border Left auricle and left ventricle
27
Apex and base of heart is formed by
Apex - LV | Base -2/3rd LA 1/3rd RA
28
Ant surface and diaphragmatic surface of heart
Ant surface - 2/3 RV & 1/3 LV | Diaphragmatic surface - 2/3 LV & 1/3 RV
29
Crux of heart is formed by
Meeting point of Interatrial septum Part of Atrioventricular septum Interventricular septum
30
Right coronary artery arises from | Left CA Arises from
Ant part of coronary sinus Left posterior coronary sinus
31
Branches of right coronary artery
``` Conus artery Nodal artery Rt side ant ventricle rami Marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery ```
32
Posterior interventricular artery anastomoses with | And it is accompanied by
Anastomoses with circumflex artery | Accompanied by middle cardiac vein
33
Vessel supplying AV node
Posterior interventricular artery (septal branch)
34
Branches of left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery | Circumflex artery
35
AIVA is accompanied by | It's branches
``` Accompanied by great cardiac vein Branch Ventricular rami Diagonal branch Septal branch ```
36
Why is left dominance related to bad prgnosis
In left dominance anterior interventricular artery and posterior interventricular artery both arise from left coronary artery, so even small infarct or angina can lead to great loss
37
Kugels artery is a branch of
LCA - Circumflex artery- Atria branch
38
Obtuse artery is aka
Left marginal artery branch of circumflex artery branch of Left coronary artery
39
AV node is located in
``` Triangle of koch Boundaries Base of septal leaflet Coronary sinus Tendon of TODARO ```
40
How to locate sa node
Junction of SVC opening into Right atrium Upper end of crista terminalis Junction bw posterior smooth wall and anterior rough wall
41
Only part of conducting system not supplied by RCA
Right bundle branch
42
Coronary sinus drains into | Valve to guard its opening
Posterior wall of Right atrium | Thebesian valve
43
Tributaries of coronary sinus
``` Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Oblique vein of LA Posterior vein of LV ```
44
Which vein is not a tributary of coronary sinus and drain directly into right atrium
Anterior cardiac vein
45
Small cardiac vein is accompanied by
Right coronary artery
46
Ridge separating Smooth and Rough part of RA
Crista terminalis
47
Muscle fibres on rough part of right atrium
Musculi pectinati
48
Opening of IVC is guarded by
Eustachian valve
49
Content of rough inflow part of right ventricle
``` Trabeculae carnae- Ridges Bridges Moderator band Pillars ```
50
Use of moderator band
Prevent over distension of RV | AKA septomarginal trabeculae
51
Moderator band is absent Contain 2 papillary muscle Thick walls
Left ventricle
52
First arch artery regresses and remnant is known as
Maxillary artery
53
Second arch artery leaves remnant known as
Stapedial artery
54
Common carotid is developed from
3rd arch artery (proximal part)
55
Internal carotid artery is developed from
Distal 3rd arch artery and cranial part of dorsal aorta
56
6th arch artery forms
Pulmonary artery from proximal part | Ductus arteriosus from left 6th arch artery (distal part)
57
Lusorian artery is another name of
Abnormal Right Subclavian artery
58
Right 4th arch artery develops into
Rt Subclavian artery | It is also developed from rt dorsal aorta cranial to 7th intersegmental artery and rt 7th intersegmental artery
59
Abnormal Subclavian artery is formed when
Right 4th arch and dorsal aorta disappear | 7 cervical intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta distal to 7th Cerv intersegmental artery persist
60
What is dysphagia lusoria
Abnormal right Subclavian artery passes behind oesophagus and compresses it causing dysphagia
61
Left 4th arch artery forms
Arch of aorta
62
Left 4th arch artery forms
Arch of aorta
63
Double aortic arch is formed due to
Right dorsal aorta caudal part persists and forms vascular ring around trachea and oesophagus
64
Congenital ds causing acyanotic heart ds
Patent ductus arteriosus
65
Congenital ds causing cyanotic heart ds
Tetralogy of fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus Transposition of great arteries
66
Parts of interventricular septum and development
Muscular part - from muscle proliferation of bulb ventricle cavity Membranous part derived from AV cushiom Bulbar part derived from spiral septum
67
SA node is pacemaker of heart because
It has highest firing rate | 100/min
68
What is chronotropy Ionotropy Dromotropy Bathmotropy
HR Myocardial contractility Cardiac Conduction velocity Cardiac excitabillity
69
Why is heart rate 70-80/ min | When sa node firing is 100/min
Due to resting vagal tone ie parasympathetic system decreases heart rate
70
Restless membrane potential is seen in
SA node -60 to -40 mV | AKA prepotential
71
What is the cause of prepotential?
Most important delayed opening of K channel, Funny channel are open Transient qnd long lasting Ca channel are open
72
Other name for funny current is It is seen in Blocker of funny current
Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide channel Seen in rods cone olfactory epithelium Ivabradine
73
Phases of ventricle action potential
``` 0 depolarization 1 action potential 2 plateau phase 3 repolarization 4 rmp ```
74
O2 consumption of heart is determined by
End diastolic volume | Filling pressure
75
Use of trimetazidine and ranolazine in angina
Both are partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor | They block fatty acid oxidation in heart as it require more 02 consumption

Medicine (11 decks)

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