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MICT 2020 > Cardiology A&P > Flashcards

Cardiology A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Which valves are opened/closed during ventricular diastole?

A

Opened: AV Valves (Mitral/Tricuspid)
Closed: Semilunar Valves (Aortic/Pulmonary)

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2
Q

Which valves are opened/closed during ventricular systole?

A

Opened: Semilunar Valves (Aortic/Pulmonary)
Closed: AV Valves (Mitral/Tricuspid)

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3
Q

What does the Right Coronary Artery perfuse?

A
  • Right ventricle

- Inferior wall and AV Node in 90% of patients

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4
Q

What does the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery supply?

A
  • Septum and Anterior wall of the left ventricle

- Bundle Branches

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5
Q

What does the Left Circumflex Coronary Artery supply?

A
  • Lateral Wall

- Inferior Wall and AV Node in 10% of patients

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6
Q

Define “Atrial Kick”.

A

The quantity of blood pushed into the ventricles with atrial systole. Accounts for 20% - 30% of the blood volume in the ventricle just prior to ventricular systole

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7
Q

What does the LUBB sound indicate?

A

The AV valves closing (ventricular systole)

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8
Q

What does the DUBB sound indicate?

A

The Semilunar valves closing (ventricular diastole)

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9
Q

List the functions of arteries.

A
  • Carries blood away from the heart
  • Highest pressure
  • Diameter adjustment has great effect on PVR and afterload
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10
Q

List the functions of veins.

A
  • Carries blood towards the heart
  • Lowest pressure
  • Has large capacity for storing/”pooling” blood
  • Diameter adjustment has great effect on blood returning to the heart (preload)
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11
Q

List the functions of capillaries.

A

Exchange of O2, nutrients, wastes, CO2 between body tissues and the circulatory system

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12
Q

Describe the Tunica Externa (adventitia).

A
  • The thickest, outermost layer of arteries and veins

- Composed of strong fibrous connective tissue

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13
Q

Describe the Tunica Media.

A
  • The middle layer of arteries and veins
  • Composed of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
  • Thicker in arteries than veins
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14
Q

Describe the Tunica Intima.

A
  • Inner most layer of arteries and veins, Lines the lumen

- Very smooth and delicate

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15
Q

Describe the Endothelium.

A

Forms the tunica intima of arteries and veins; It is the only layer in a capillary

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16
Q

Define Anastomoses.

A

Artery to artery, vein to vein, or artery to vein connections that bypass capillary beds.

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17
Q

What is collateral circulation?

A

The use of anastomoses to extend into neighboring areas to perfusion and create alternate blood supply routes to that area.

18
Q

What pressures are responsible for movement of fluid out of the capillaries?

A
  • Capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)

- Interstitial oncotic pressure

19
Q

What pressures are responsible for movement of fluid into the capillaries?

A
  • Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

- Capillary oncotic pressure

20
Q

What is the normal blood volume for an adult male?

A

70 mL/kg

21
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute

CO= SV x HR

22
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

Base of the aorta

23
Q

Which coronary artery provides blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

A

Left circumflex

24
Q

Which coronary artery most likely provides blood to the AV node and the inferior wall of the left ventricle?

A

Right coronary

25
Q

What is the blood capacity of the arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

Arteries- 13%
Veins- 64%
Capillaries- 7

26
Q

Inotropy

A

Strength of heart contraction, contractility

27
Q

Chronotropy

A

Heart rate

28
Q

Dromotropy

A

Speed of impulse transmission through the heart

29
Q

What is the normal value of End Diastolic Volume (EDV)?

A

120 ml

30
Q

What is the normal value of End Systolic Volume

A

50 ml

31
Q

What is the normal value of Stroke Volume (SV)?

A

70 ml

32
Q

What is Ejection Fraction (EF)?

A

SV/EDV; 55%

33
Q

Describe Preload.

A

The amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

34
Q

List the 5 factors that influences stroke volume

A

Preload, Contractility, Afterload, Valve disease, Myocardial damage

35
Q

List 2 factors that influences preload

A

Venous return, Heart rate

36
Q

List the 2 major determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

A

PVR. HR

37
Q

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

A

Released by the ventricular cells in response to ventricular distention. Elevated levels indicate CHF

38
Q

Define Hematocrit and give its normal range

A

The volume of RBC found in 100ccs of blood

Norm- 45%

39
Q

What is anemia?

A

Low Hgb

40
Q

Define hemostasis and its 3 step process

A

The control or prevention of blood loss

  • Vascular spasm
  • Platelet plug formation
  • Stable fibrin clot (coagulation)

MICT 2020 (9 decks)

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