Cardiology

Question 1

List the 4 causes of ischemic chest pain

Answer 1

• Narrow coronary artery lumen.
• Thrombosis
• Coronary artery spasm (Prinzmetal’s angina)
• Hypoperfusion

Question 2

List the 4 factors that determine the extent of an MI.

Answer 2

• Degree of occlusion
• Duration of occlusion
• Location of occlusion
• Extent of collateral circulation

Question 3

List the 4 E’s that are usually responsible for the onset of stable angina.

Answer 3

• Exertion
• Environment (cold exposure)
• Emotion
• Eating

Question 4

List the characteristic of stable angina.

Answer 4

Provocation- 4 E's 
Duration- < 20 min, usually 3-5 min
Severity- low end, 1-6
Palliative- Rest and NTG
Clinical Significance- Indicative of advanced CAD, 75%+ occlusion

Question 5

List the characteristics of unstable angina

Answer 5

Provocation- At rest or less E’s than usual
Duration- > 20 min
Severity- High end, 8-10
Palliative- Rest, NTG limited or not effective
Clinical Significance- Progression of CAD, Clot formation, infarct

Question 6

List modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 6

HTN, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tobacco, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, drug abuse

Question 7

List non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 7

Genetics, race, age, gender

Question 8

Describe the Anterior/lateral pad placement.

Answer 8

White pad (-) below the right clavicle to the right of the sternum.
Red pad (+) the centered over V6.

Question 9

Describe the Anterior/posterior pad placement.

Answer 9

White pad (-) below the left scapula to the left of the vertebral column
Red pad (+) centered over V4

Question 10

List defib energy levels for LP 12/15

Answer 10

200J, 300J, 360J

Question 11

List defib energy levels for Zoll/Phillips

Answer 11

120J, 150J, 200J

Question 12

List the indications for defibrillation.

Answer 12

VFib, pulseless VTach, unstable polymorphic VTach

Question 13

List energy level sequence for synchronized cardioversion

Answer 13

50, 100, 200, 300, 360J

Question 14

List indications for synchronized cardioversion.

Answer 14

PSVT, Afib/AFlutter, VT with a pulse.