Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does clubbing indicate?

A

infective endocarditis and cyanotic congenital heart disease

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2
Q

what does tendon Xanthoma indicate?

A

yellow lesions on tendon of hand –> hyperlipidaemia

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3
Q

What three factors other than clubbing do you look at on the hands for indication of infective endocarditis?

A

Splinter haemorrhages
Janeway lesins
Osler’s nodes

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4
Q

What does cap refill greater than 2 seconds indicate of?

A

Hypovolemia

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5
Q

What does cool/cold hands indicate of?

A

Poor cardiac output/ hypovolemia

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6
Q

What can clammy hands indicate of?

A

ACS

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7
Q

What does radial radial delay indicate?

A

Aortic coarctation

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8
Q

What does radial femoral delay indicate of?

A

aortic stenosis

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9
Q

what condition is indicated by collapsing pulse?

A

Aortic regurgitation
heart block
PDA

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10
Q

What does slow rising pulse be a indication of?

A

Aortic stenosis

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11
Q

What does a narrow BP indicate of?

A

Aortic stenosis

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12
Q

What does a wide BP indicate?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

What is malor flush a indication of?

A

Mitral stenosis

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14
Q

What are the three features are you identifying around a patients eyes? what does each one indicate?

A

Xanthelesma –> hypercholesteraemic
Corneal arcus–> hypercholesteraemic
Pallor of conjuctivae –> iron deficiency anaemia

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15
Q

What does high arch palate indicate of and why is that important in cardiac examination?

A

Marfan syndrome and can indicate of abdominal aorta aneurysm

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16
Q

What does dental hygiene and angular stomatis indicate of?

A

Angular stomatis –> iron deficiency

Dental hygiene–> infective endocarditis

17
Q

What is a raised JVP indication of?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation
RVF
Fluid overload

18
Q

What does a sternotomy scar indicate?

A

CABG and valvular surgery

19
Q

What is heaves a indication of?

A

Left and right ventricular hypertrophy

20
Q

What is the aim of thrills?

A

To identify murmurs

21
Q

What are you looking for when palpating and auscultating the carotid?

A

Listening for volume and character specifically any bruits

Slow rising pulse is a indication of aortic stenosis

22
Q

What three factors are you acessing when taking the radial pulse?

A

Rate, rhythm and character

23
Q

Radiation heart sound to carotid is indication of what?

A

Aortic stenosi

24
Q

Radiation heart sound to axilia is indication of what?

A

Mitral regurgitation

25
Q

Radiation heart sound to left sternal edge is indication of what?

A

Aortic regurgitation

26
Q

Where do you assess peripheral oedema and what is it a indication of?

A

Sacral and ankle oedema for 5 seconds

Indication of RVF

27
Q

If crackles are present in auscultation of the base of the lungs what is that a indication of?

A

LHF

28
Q

What are your end pieces?

A
12 lead ECG
Abdomen exam and palpate
Standing and sitting BP
Fundoscopy 
Blood glucose test
Urine dip stick test
Vascular examination of lower limbs
29
Q

What do you ask your patient to do before listening for a radiation of a murmer?

A

For them to take a deep breath in and then out then hold

30
Q

What should the INR be for a AF patient?`

A

2-3

31
Q

What should the INR be for a patient with metalic valve and/or had multiple PE?

A

3-4

32
Q

What is the CHA2DS2-VASc scale?

A

Score used to see the likely hood of AF causing stroke

Greater than 2 then need to give blood thinners