Cardiology

Question 1

What does clubbing indicate?

Answer 1

infective endocarditis and cyanotic congenital heart disease

Question 2

what does tendon Xanthoma indicate?

Answer 2

yellow lesions on tendon of hand –> hyperlipidaemia

Question 3

What three factors other than clubbing do you look at on the hands for indication of infective endocarditis?

Answer 3

Splinter haemorrhages
Janeway lesins
Osler’s nodes

Question 4

What does cap refill greater than 2 seconds indicate of?

Answer 4

Hypovolemia

Question 5

What does cool/cold hands indicate of?

Answer 5

Poor cardiac output/ hypovolemia

Question 6

What can clammy hands indicate of?

Answer 6

ACS

Question 7

What does radial radial delay indicate?

Answer 7

Aortic coarctation

Question 8

What does radial femoral delay indicate of?

Answer 8

aortic stenosis

Question 9

what condition is indicated by collapsing pulse?

Answer 9

Aortic regurgitation
heart block
PDA

Question 10

What does slow rising pulse be a indication of?

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis

Question 11

What does a narrow BP indicate of?

Answer 11

Aortic stenosis

Question 12

What does a wide BP indicate?

Answer 12

Aortic regurgitation

Question 13

What is malor flush a indication of?

Answer 13

Mitral stenosis

Question 14

What are the three features are you identifying around a patients eyes? what does each one indicate?

Answer 14

Xanthelesma –> hypercholesteraemic
Corneal arcus–> hypercholesteraemic
Pallor of conjuctivae –> iron deficiency anaemia

Question 15

What does high arch palate indicate of and why is that important in cardiac examination?

Answer 15

Marfan syndrome and can indicate of abdominal aorta aneurysm

Question 16

What does dental hygiene and angular stomatis indicate of?

Answer 16

Angular stomatis –> iron deficiency

Dental hygiene–> infective endocarditis

Question 17

What is a raised JVP indication of?

Answer 17

Tricuspid regurgitation
RVF
Fluid overload

Question 18

What does a sternotomy scar indicate?

Answer 18

CABG and valvular surgery

Question 19

What is heaves a indication of?

Answer 19

Left and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 20

What is the aim of thrills?

Answer 20

To identify murmurs

Question 21

What are you looking for when palpating and auscultating the carotid?

Answer 21

Listening for volume and character specifically any bruits

Slow rising pulse is a indication of aortic stenosis

Question 22

What three factors are you acessing when taking the radial pulse?

Answer 22

Rate, rhythm and character

Question 23

Radiation heart sound to carotid is indication of what?

Answer 23

Aortic stenosi

Question 24

Radiation heart sound to axilia is indication of what?

Answer 24

Mitral regurgitation

Question 25

Radiation heart sound to left sternal edge is indication of what?

Answer 25

Aortic regurgitation

Question 26

Where do you assess peripheral oedema and what is it a indication of?

Answer 26

Sacral and ankle oedema for 5 seconds

Indication of RVF

Question 27

If crackles are present in auscultation of the base of the lungs what is that a indication of?

Answer 27

LHF

Question 28

What are your end pieces?

Answer 28

12 lead ECG
Abdomen exam and palpate
Standing and sitting BP
Fundoscopy 
Blood glucose test
Urine dip stick test
Vascular examination of lower limbs

Question 29

What do you ask your patient to do before listening for a radiation of a murmer?

Answer 29

For them to take a deep breath in and then out then hold

Question 30

What should the INR be for a AF patient?`

Answer 30

2-3

Question 31

What should the INR be for a patient with metalic valve and/or had multiple PE?

Answer 31

3-4

Question 32

What is the CHA2DS2-VASc scale?

Answer 32

Score used to see the likely hood of AF causing stroke

Greater than 2 then need to give blood thinners