Cardiology Flashcards
What does clubbing indicate?
infective endocarditis and cyanotic congenital heart disease
what does tendon Xanthoma indicate?
yellow lesions on tendon of hand –> hyperlipidaemia
What three factors other than clubbing do you look at on the hands for indication of infective endocarditis?
Splinter haemorrhages
Janeway lesins
Osler’s nodes
What does cap refill greater than 2 seconds indicate of?
Hypovolemia
What does cool/cold hands indicate of?
Poor cardiac output/ hypovolemia
What can clammy hands indicate of?
ACS
What does radial radial delay indicate?
Aortic coarctation
What does radial femoral delay indicate of?
aortic stenosis
what condition is indicated by collapsing pulse?
Aortic regurgitation
heart block
PDA
What does slow rising pulse be a indication of?
Aortic stenosis
What does a narrow BP indicate of?
Aortic stenosis
What does a wide BP indicate?
Aortic regurgitation
What is malor flush a indication of?
Mitral stenosis
What are the three features are you identifying around a patients eyes? what does each one indicate?
Xanthelesma –> hypercholesteraemic
Corneal arcus–> hypercholesteraemic
Pallor of conjuctivae –> iron deficiency anaemia
What does high arch palate indicate of and why is that important in cardiac examination?
Marfan syndrome and can indicate of abdominal aorta aneurysm
What does dental hygiene and angular stomatis indicate of?
Angular stomatis –> iron deficiency
Dental hygiene–> infective endocarditis
What is a raised JVP indication of?
Tricuspid regurgitation
RVF
Fluid overload
What does a sternotomy scar indicate?
CABG and valvular surgery
What is heaves a indication of?
Left and right ventricular hypertrophy
What is the aim of thrills?
To identify murmurs
What are you looking for when palpating and auscultating the carotid?
Listening for volume and character specifically any bruits
Slow rising pulse is a indication of aortic stenosis
What three factors are you acessing when taking the radial pulse?
Rate, rhythm and character
Radiation heart sound to carotid is indication of what?
Aortic stenosi
Radiation heart sound to axilia is indication of what?
Mitral regurgitation
Radiation heart sound to left sternal edge is indication of what?
Aortic regurgitation
Where do you assess peripheral oedema and what is it a indication of?
Sacral and ankle oedema for 5 seconds
Indication of RVF
If crackles are present in auscultation of the base of the lungs what is that a indication of?
LHF
What are your end pieces?
12 lead ECG Abdomen exam and palpate Standing and sitting BP Fundoscopy Blood glucose test Urine dip stick test Vascular examination of lower limbs
What do you ask your patient to do before listening for a radiation of a murmer?
For them to take a deep breath in and then out then hold
What should the INR be for a AF patient?`
2-3
What should the INR be for a patient with metalic valve and/or had multiple PE?
3-4
What is the CHA2DS2-VASc scale?
Score used to see the likely hood of AF causing stroke
Greater than 2 then need to give blood thinners
