Cardiology

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

• Background: High cTnI is a negative prognostic indicator for death in dogs
• Aim: assess cTnI in critically ill cats
• Population: 119 cats admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and 13 healthy cats
• Results: cTnI concentration was higher in ill, cats with SAA >5 mg/L and cats with structural cardiac disease. cTnI elevated in 88% clinically ill cats.
• Conclusion: Abnormally high serum cTnI concentration was common but not prognostic for death

Question 3

What was the prevalence of elevated cTnI above the range of healthy controls in clinically ill cats?
a) 11%
b) 28%
c) 67%
d) 88%

Answer 3

d) 88%

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

• Background: impaired renal function is a poor prognostic factor in dogs with MMVD. Value of Cystatin C (Cys-C) not known
• Population: 50 small breed dogs with MMVD
• Results: Serum Cys-C significantly associated with MMVD-associated death. Higher Cys-C (including dogs with normal creatinine had shorter MMVD specific survival time than the low Cys-C group.
• Conclusion: High serum Cys-C concentrations were associated with a worse prognosis of MMVD, and can be used as a predictor even in dogs with normal creatinine.

Question 6

Which of these variables was NOT significantly associated with MMVD-related death?
a) Serum Cys-C
b) BUN
c) ANP
d) ACVIM Stage c

Answer 6

d - AVCIM Stage C

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

• Background: Diets rich in medium chain fatty acids and antioxidants are a potential means of treatment for DMVD. Previous study showed smaller LA diameter and La:Ao in dogs with subclinical DMVD fed diet for 6mo
• Population: 127 dogs with undmedicated subclinical DMVD fed with diet for 365d
• Results: No significant difference between groups when looking at sum of percentage change in LAD and left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd) at day 365
• Conclusion: Feeding a specially formulated diet for
  365 days was not associated with a significantly different rate of change of left heart size in dogs with subclinical DMVD.

Question 9

Which haematological/biochemical variable was NOT affected by a specially formualted diet for treatment of dogs with subclinical mitral valve disease?
a) Albumin
b) creatinine
c) potassium
d) ALT

Answer 9

A - albumin

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

• Background: Holter is the main diagnostic test for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) in boxers. In humans exercise testing can identify latent tachyarrhythmias associated with cardiomyopathy as well as increased in cTnI.
• Population: 30 health boxer dogs
• Results:
• 37% dogs had >100/24hr premature ventricular complexes (PVC) at baseline.
• After exercise dogs with >100 PVC prior had more PVCs/24 hours and greater increases in cTnI compared to those with ≤100 PVCs/24 hours.
• Dogs with striatin mutation had more PVCs/24 hours and a greater increase in cTnI.
• Conclusion: Exercise testing may help to classify boxers with or without ACM by increaseing PVC to a greater degree in affected dogs. Presence and abscence of striatin mutation also associated.

Question 12

What cut off of PVCs/24hr period is most commonly employed to diagnosed AVRC in Boxer dogs?
a) >50 PCV/24h
b) >100 PVC/24h
c) >150 PVC/24h
d)>200 PVC/24h

Answer 12

b - >100 PVC/24h