Cardiology Flashcards
Most common canine cardiac dz
MMVD
Location of murmur with MMVD
Left-sided apical systolic murmur
How is MMVD classified?
Stages 1-5
A - breeds @ risk
B1 - No clinical signs, no radiographic evidence
B2 - No clinical signs, radiographic evidence
C - CHF (past or current)
D - end stage MMVD
At what stage of MMVD should a patient start treatment?
Stage B2 - requires echo or thoracic radiographs
What four drugs are commonly used for MMVD?
Furosemide
Pimobendan
ACEI
Spironolactone
How are murmurs described in cats?
B/c heart so small, sternal or right/left parasternal
What is HCM?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - concentric LV hypertrophy
Most common heart disease in cats
What two breeds are known to have the genetic mutation leading to HCM?
Maine Coon and Ragdoll
T/F: Systolic parasternal murmurs are indicative of heart disease in cats
False - gallop rhythms are suggestive of heart disease while systolic parasternal murmur aren’t indicative of heart disease
How is HCM diagnosed?
Echo
Always r/o secondary cause of LVH (systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism)
Signs of HCM of x-ray
LA enlargement
LVH - too tall, apex touches diaphragm
L-CHF - pulmonary edema, no specific distribution
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be secondary to…
Pulmonary hypertension
CS of PTE
Exercise intolerance
Respiratory distress
Syncope
DCM is an impairment of __________ function
Systolic - decreased contractility
What breeds is DCM more common in?
Dobermans and standard schnauzers have genetic test
More common in large breeds
Pathophysiology of DCM
- Impaired systolic dysfunction
- Eccentric hypertrophy
- Secondary mitral regurgitation
- Atrial enlargement
How to diagnose DCM?
Echo and holter
Clinical signs of DCM
Syncope
Exercise intolerance
Weight loss (cache is)
Tachypnea
Abdominal distension
T/F: DCM has a long asymptomatic period and treatment with an ACEI and/or pimobendan can prolong this phase
True
Prognosis for dogs in clinical stage of DCM
Guarded to poor
Other name for boxer cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
ARVC is characterized by ____________ infiltration and replacement of the right ventricular myocardium
Fatty/fibrous
What arrhythmia is commonly seen in cases of boxer cardiomyopathy
VPCs
Most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs
Neoplasia - hemangiosarcoma, chemodectomas, mesothelioma
Etiology of pericardial effusion in cats
Cardiomyopathy
Lymphoma
FIP
Purulent pericardial effusion
Where does hemangiosarcoma like to go on the heart? If present, what should you check next?
Right atrium
Do U/S of abdomen to see if mass on spleen
What breeds are chemodectomas most common in
Brachycephalics
T/F: pericardial effusion is the same thing as cardiac tamponade
F - Ventricles CANNOT fill in cases of cardiac tamponade , while they can still fill if pericardial effusion is present
Consequences of cardiac tamponade
Reduced cardiac output
Elevated filling pressure
Agents contributing to endocarditis
Strep
Staph
E. Coli
Bartonella
Requirements for the development of endocarditis
Bacteremia and endothelial damage
