Cardiology

Question 1

Most common canine cardiac dz

Answer 1

MMVD

Question 2

Location of murmur with MMVD

Answer 2

Left-sided apical systolic murmur

Question 3

How is MMVD classified?

Answer 3

Stages 1-5
A - breeds @ risk
B1 - No clinical signs, no radiographic evidence
B2 - No clinical signs, radiographic evidence
C - CHF (past or current)
D - end stage MMVD

Question 4

At what stage of MMVD should a patient start treatment?

Answer 4

Stage B2 - requires echo or thoracic radiographs

Question 5

What four drugs are commonly used for MMVD?

Answer 5

Furosemide
Pimobendan
ACEI
Spironolactone

Question 6

How are murmurs described in cats?

Answer 6

B/c heart so small, sternal or right/left parasternal

Question 7

What is HCM?

Answer 7

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - concentric LV hypertrophy
Most common heart disease in cats

Question 8

What two breeds are known to have the genetic mutation leading to HCM?

Answer 8

Maine Coon and Ragdoll

Question 9

T/F: Systolic parasternal murmurs are indicative of heart disease in cats

Answer 9

False - gallop rhythms are suggestive of heart disease while systolic parasternal murmur aren’t indicative of heart disease

Question 10

How is HCM diagnosed?

Answer 10

Echo
Always r/o secondary cause of LVH (systemic hypertension and hyperthyroidism)

Question 11

Signs of HCM of x-ray

Answer 11

LA enlargement
LVH - too tall, apex touches diaphragm
L-CHF - pulmonary edema, no specific distribution

Question 12

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be secondary to…

Answer 12

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 13

CS of PTE

Answer 13

Exercise intolerance
Respiratory distress
Syncope

Question 14

DCM is an impairment of __________ function

Answer 14

Systolic - decreased contractility

Question 15

What breeds is DCM more common in?

Answer 15

Dobermans and standard schnauzers have genetic test
More common in large breeds

Question 16

Pathophysiology of DCM

Answer 16

• Impaired systolic dysfunction
• Eccentric hypertrophy
• Secondary mitral regurgitation
• Atrial enlargement

Question 17

How to diagnose DCM?

Answer 17

Echo and holter

Question 18

Clinical signs of DCM

Answer 18

Syncope
Exercise intolerance
Weight loss (cache is)
Tachypnea
Abdominal distension

Question 19

T/F: DCM has a long asymptomatic period and treatment with an ACEI and/or pimobendan can prolong this phase

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Prognosis for dogs in clinical stage of DCM

Answer 20

Guarded to poor

Question 21

Other name for boxer cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Question 22

ARVC is characterized by ____________ infiltration and replacement of the right ventricular myocardium

Answer 22

Fatty/fibrous

Question 23

What arrhythmia is commonly seen in cases of boxer cardiomyopathy

Answer 23

VPCs

Question 24

Most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs

Answer 24

Neoplasia - hemangiosarcoma, chemodectomas, mesothelioma

Question 25

Etiology of pericardial effusion in cats

Answer 25

Cardiomyopathy
Lymphoma
FIP
Purulent pericardial effusion

Question 26

Where does hemangiosarcoma like to go on the heart? If present, what should you check next?

Answer 26

Right atrium
Do U/S of abdomen to see if mass on spleen

Question 27

What breeds are chemodectomas most common in

Answer 27

Brachycephalics

Question 28

T/F: pericardial effusion is the same thing as cardiac tamponade

Answer 28

F - Ventricles CANNOT fill in cases of cardiac tamponade , while they can still fill if pericardial effusion is present

Question 29

Consequences of cardiac tamponade

Answer 29

Reduced cardiac output
Elevated filling pressure

Question 30

Agents contributing to endocarditis

Answer 30

Strep
Staph
E. Coli
Bartonella

Question 31

Requirements for the development of endocarditis

Answer 31

Bacteremia and endothelial damage