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NAVLE > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MoA of furosemide

A

Inhibition of the Na/K/Cl co-transporter in the thick ascending loop of henle, resulting in decreased sodium and chloride reabsorption

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2
Q

What is furosemide used for in horses?

A

Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

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3
Q

ADEs of furosemide

A
  • Acute administration may lead to dehydration, acute intravascular volume reduction
  • May precipitate acute renal failure
  • Electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia)
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4
Q

What kind of medication is spironolactone? MoA?

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic
Competitive antagonism of aldosterone

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5
Q

What disease can spironolactone be used for in cats?

A

Primary aldosteronism

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6
Q

Clinical use of spironolactone in dogs

A
  • Management of refractory edema
  • Adjunct treatment of heart failure
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7
Q

Briefly discuss RAAS

A
  • Renin (produced by kidneys) metabolizes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
  • Angiotensin I converted to II by ACE
  • Angiotensin II potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates release of aldosterone
  • Aldosterone causes Na retention
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8
Q

MoA of ACEIs

A

Inhibit ACE, therefore blocking conversion of angiotensin I to II, preventing vasoconstriction and reduce Na and water retention

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9
Q

What two ACEIs are commonly used in veterinary medicine?

A

Benazepril
Enalapril

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10
Q

Clinical use of ACEIs

A

Treatment of CHF
Systemic hypertension
PLN

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11
Q

MoA of amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

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12
Q

What species is amlodipine most commonly used?

A

Cats

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13
Q

MoA of sildenafil

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5)

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14
Q

Fun fact about sildenafil

A

Viagra! PDE5 found in lungs and corpus cavernosum

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15
Q

What is sildenafil used for?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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16
Q

What does digoxin do to heart rate and contractility?

A

Decreases HR and improves contractility

17
Q

Due to digoxin’s narrow therapeutic index, it has been replaced by…

A

Pimobendan

18
Q

What arrhythmias can digoxin treat?

A

Supraventricular - atrial fibrillation/flutter

19
Q

MoA of Pimobendan

A

Calcium sensitizes - positive inotrope
PDE3 inhibition - vasodilator

20
Q

Clinical use of pimobendan

A

Treatment of CHF secondary to MVD, DCM in dogs

Treatment of CHF with LV systolic dysfunction - DCM, HCM

21
Q

What receptors does epinephrine act on?

A

Mixed adrenergic agonist
B1, B2, and A1

22
Q

Effects of epinephrine on B1

A

Positive inotrope
Positive chronotrope

23
Q

Effects of epinephrine on B2

A

Bronchodilation and increased oxygenation

24
Q

Effects of epinephrine on A1

A

Vasoconstriction

25
Q

T/F: Effects of dopamine are dose-dependent

A

True - work on different receptors at different dosages

26
Q

@ 2-5ug/kg/min, 5-10ug/kg/min, >10ug/kg/min what receptors does dopamine act on?

A
  • Dopaminergic: Renal vasodilation
  • B1: positive inotrope and increased cardiac output
  • A1: pressor effects
27
Q

What receptors does Dobutamine work on?

A

DoBBButamine - B1

28
Q

Explain how vasopressin acts on BP

A

Vasopressin - ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Water retention

29
Q

Five classes of antiarrhythmic drugs

A

I. Sodium Channel Blockers
II. Beta blockers
III. Potassium Channel Blockers
IV. Calcium Chanel Blockers
V. Other

“Some Big Puppies Can’t Oxygenate”

30
Q

Name the two main sodium channel blockers used

A

Quinidine
Lidocaine

31
Q

Toxic doses of lidocaine

A

8mg/kg cows, sheep, goats
4mg/kg dogs
2mg/kg cats and horses

32
Q

ADE of lidocaine

A

CNS excitation, muscle tremors, ataxia, vomiting

33
Q

What do beta adrenergic antagonists do?

A

Decrease rate of AV conduction

34
Q

Clinical indications of beta-blockers

A

Sinus tachycardia
Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias
Chronic hypertension
Pheochromocytoma
Decreased AH production in glaucoma

35
Q

Is propranolol selective or non-selective? When is this drug contraindicated?

A

Non-selective
Blocks both B1 and 2
Avoid in patients with primary respiratory disease (bronchoconstriction)

36
Q

Why is atenolol preferred over propranolol?

A

Atenolol is B1-selective and propranolol is non-selective, so you have less bronchospasm

37
Q

ADEs of B blockers

A

Bradyarrhythmias
Hypotension
Heart failure - decompensation and worsening of CHF

38
Q

Sotalol and amiodarone are __________________

A

Potassium channel blockers

NAVLE (4 decks)

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