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Pharmacology > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors;
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin)

GPIIb / IIIa receptor antagonists;
Tirofiban

ADP receptor antagonists;
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor

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2
Q

Anticoagulants; Non-selective indirect coagulation factor inhibitors

A

High molecular weight (unfractionated);
Heparin

Low molecular weight (fractionated) heparins;
Enoxaparin

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3
Q

Anticoagulants; Selective indirect inhibitors of factor Xa

A

Fondaparinux

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4
Q

Anticoagulants; Selective direct inhibitors of coagulation factors

A

Selective direct inhibitors of factor IIa;
Dabigatran

Selective direct inhibitors of factor Xa;
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban

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5
Q

Anticoagulants; inactive coagulation factor synthesis inhibitors

A

Vitamin K antagonists;
Warfarin

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6
Q

Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) agents

A

Alteplase

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7
Q

Antihemorrhagic (hemostatic) agents

A

Fibrinolysis inhibitors;
Tranexamic acid

Vasopressin receptor
agonists;
Desmopressin

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8
Q

Diuretics

A

Osmotic diuretics;
Mannitol

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors;
Acetazolamide

Loop diuretics;
Furosemide
Torasemide

Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics;
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide

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9
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA, aldosterone receptor antagonists)

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

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10
Q

Angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Enalaprilat
Perindopril
Ramipril

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11
Q

Angiotensin II 1st type (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB)

A

Valsartan
Candesartan
Losartan

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12
Q

Calcium channel
blockers

A

Dihydropyridines; Nifedipine
Amlodipine

Non-dihydropyridines;
Verapamil
Diltiazem

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13
Q

Selective α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists

A

Doxazosin

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14
Q

Selective α1, nonselective β adrenoreceptor antagonists

A

Labetalol
Carvedilol

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15
Q

β adrenoreceptor antagonists

A

1st generation
Propranolol

2nd generation
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol

3rd generation
Nebivolol
Carvedilol

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16
Q

Selective central α2 adrenoreceptor agonists

A

Methyldopa

17
Q

NO modulators/donors

A

Sodium nitroprusside
Glyceril trinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate

18
Q

Central α2 adrenoreceptor and imidazoline I1 agonists

A

Clonidine

19
Q

Selective imidazoline I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)

A

Moxonidine

20
Q

Sinoatrial node inhibitors

A

Ivabradine

21
Q

Late sodium flow inhibitors

A

Ranolazine

22
Q

Hypolipidemic (lipid-correcting) agents

A

Atorvastatin
Fenofibrate
Ezetimibe
Evolocumab

23
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors

A

Valsartan + Sacubitril

24
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

25
Q

Inotropic agents

A

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonists;
Dopamine
Dobutamine

Cardiac glycosides;
Digoxin

Calcium channel sensitizers;
Levosimendane

PDE-3 inhibitors;
Milrinone

26
Q

Vasopressors

A

Norepinephrine

27
Q

I class anti-arrhythmic agents

A

IA Procainamide
IB Lidocaine
IC Ethacizine
IC Propafenone
IC Flecainid

28
Q

II class anti-arrhythmic agents

A

1st generation
Propranolol

2nd generation
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol

29
Q

III class anti-arrhythmic agents

A

Amiodarone
Sotalol
Vernakalant

30
Q

IV class anti-arrhythmic agents

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

31
Q

Nonclassified anti-arrhythmic agents

A

Magnesium sulfate
Atropine
Epinephrine
Digoxin

32
Q

Digoxin toxicity treatment

A

Calcium is the drug of first choice for life-threatening cardiac toxicity due to hyperkalemia (when digoxin toxicity has not yet been confirmed)

Hyperkalemia treatment:
Digoxinspecific antibodies
Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride
sodium bicarbonate, glucose, insulin

Treat bradycardia or heart block with atropine and consider digoxin-specific antibodies. Temporary cardiac pacemaker (or isoproterenol infusion) may be needed for symptomatic bradycardia

Digoxin-specific antibody is the preferred treatment for life-threatening arrhythmias.
(Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may respond to correction of low potassium or magnesium.
Lidocaine and phenytoin)

33
Q

Heparin antidote

A

protamine sulphate

34
Q

CCB toxicity

A

Atropine and cardiac pacing for bradyarrhythmias

Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (calcium reverses the depression of cardiac contractility)

For cardiogenic shock and bradycardia consider
epinephrine, dobutamine, isoprotenol

For vasodilatory shock phenylephrine, norepinephrine

Highdose insulin euglycemic therapy (HIET) to treat hyperglycemia

35
Q

Rivaroxaban antidote

A

Andexanet alfa

36
Q

Dabigatran antidote

A

idarucizumab

37
Q

Warfarin antidotes

A

Phytomenadione (vitamin K)

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

38
Q

Antidote used in case of QRS prolongation, bradyarrhythmias, and hypotension

A

Sodium bicarbonate
(reverses cardiac depressant effects caused by inhibition of the fast sodium channel)

39
Q

BB toxicology treatment

A

Glucagon

Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate

Highdose insulin euglycemic therapy (HIET) to treat hyperglycemia

Sodium bicarbonate

Vasopressors to manage shock (Epinephrine)

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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