Cardiology Flashcards
Antiplatelets
Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors;
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin)
GPIIb / IIIa receptor antagonists;
Tirofiban
ADP receptor antagonists;
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Anticoagulants; Non-selective indirect coagulation factor inhibitors
High molecular weight (unfractionated);
Heparin
Low molecular weight (fractionated) heparins;
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulants; Selective indirect inhibitors of factor Xa
Fondaparinux
Anticoagulants; Selective direct inhibitors of coagulation factors
Selective direct inhibitors of factor IIa;
Dabigatran
Selective direct inhibitors of factor Xa;
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Anticoagulants; inactive coagulation factor synthesis inhibitors
Vitamin K antagonists;
Warfarin
Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) agents
Alteplase
Antihemorrhagic (hemostatic) agents
Fibrinolysis inhibitors;
Tranexamic acid
Vasopressin receptor
agonists;
Desmopressin
Diuretics
Osmotic diuretics;
Mannitol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors;
Acetazolamide
Loop diuretics;
Furosemide
Torasemide
Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics;
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA, aldosterone receptor antagonists)
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
Enalaprilat
Perindopril
Ramipril
Angiotensin II 1st type (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB)
Valsartan
Candesartan
Losartan
Calcium channel
blockers
Dihydropyridines; Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Non-dihydropyridines;
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Selective α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists
Doxazosin
Selective α1, nonselective β adrenoreceptor antagonists
Labetalol
Carvedilol
β adrenoreceptor antagonists
1st generation
Propranolol
2nd generation
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
3rd generation
Nebivolol
Carvedilol
Selective central α2 adrenoreceptor agonists
Methyldopa
NO modulators/donors
Sodium nitroprusside
Glyceril trinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
Central α2 adrenoreceptor and imidazoline I1 agonists
Clonidine
Selective imidazoline I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)
Moxonidine
Sinoatrial node inhibitors
Ivabradine
Late sodium flow inhibitors
Ranolazine
Hypolipidemic (lipid-correcting) agents
Atorvastatin
Fenofibrate
Ezetimibe
Evolocumab
Neprilysin inhibitors
Valsartan + Sacubitril
SGLT2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin
Inotropic agents
Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonists;
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Cardiac glycosides;
Digoxin
Calcium channel sensitizers;
Levosimendane
PDE-3 inhibitors;
Milrinone
Vasopressors
Norepinephrine
I class anti-arrhythmic agents
IA Procainamide
IB Lidocaine
IC Ethacizine
IC Propafenone
IC Flecainid
II class anti-arrhythmic agents
1st generation
Propranolol
2nd generation
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
III class anti-arrhythmic agents
Amiodarone
Sotalol
Vernakalant
IV class anti-arrhythmic agents
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nonclassified anti-arrhythmic agents
Magnesium sulfate
Atropine
Epinephrine
Digoxin
Digoxin toxicity treatment
Calcium is the drug of first choice for life-threatening cardiac toxicity due to hyperkalemia (when digoxin toxicity has not yet been confirmed)
Hyperkalemia treatment:
Digoxinspecific antibodies
Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride
sodium bicarbonate, glucose, insulin
Treat bradycardia or heart block with atropine and consider digoxin-specific antibodies. Temporary cardiac pacemaker (or isoproterenol infusion) may be needed for symptomatic bradycardia
Digoxin-specific antibody is the preferred treatment for life-threatening arrhythmias.
(Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may respond to correction of low potassium or magnesium.
Lidocaine and phenytoin)
Heparin antidote
protamine sulphate
CCB toxicity
Atropine and cardiac pacing for bradyarrhythmias
Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate (calcium reverses the depression of cardiac contractility)
For cardiogenic shock and bradycardia consider
epinephrine, dobutamine, isoprotenol
For vasodilatory shock phenylephrine, norepinephrine
Highdose insulin euglycemic therapy (HIET) to treat hyperglycemia
Rivaroxaban antidote
Andexanet alfa
Dabigatran antidote
idarucizumab
Warfarin antidotes
Phytomenadione (vitamin K)
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
Antidote used in case of QRS prolongation, bradyarrhythmias, and hypotension
Sodium bicarbonate
(reverses cardiac depressant effects caused by inhibition of the fast sodium channel)
BB toxicology treatment
Glucagon
Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate
Highdose insulin euglycemic therapy (HIET) to treat hyperglycemia
Sodium bicarbonate
Vasopressors to manage shock (Epinephrine)
