cardiology Flashcards
reversible causes of asystole or pulseless electrical activity
hypotension, hypo, and hyperkalemia, hypothermia, hypoxia, hydrogen ions acidosis,.
tension pneumothorax, tamponade, cardiac, toxins, thrombosis pulmonary or coronary, trauma
common malformations in Down syndrome
- duodenal atresia
- hischsprung’s disease,
- hypothyroidism
- atlantoaxial instability
- endocardial cushion defects
conditions in Down syndrome
ADHD, Acute leukemias, MDD, seizure, autism, Alzheimer’s dementia
bosentan
endothelin receptor antagonist
cha2ds2vacs
stroke risk;
congestive heart failure, hypertension, age<75 2, diabetes, stroke2, vascular disease, age 60-75, sex category (female)
Bivaliirudin
anticoagulation
sacubitril valsartan
neprilysin inhibitor+ angiotansin receptorblockers
kussmaul sign and pulsus paraduxus
pulsus paradoxus; in tamponade,
Kussmaul sign: an increase of JVP ( instead of a decrease ) in INSPIRATION.
drugs that can cuase elevated digoxin level
amiodarone, verapamil, spironolactone, quinine, quinidine, erythromycin and tetracycline
drugs can cause long QT syndrome
diuretics (due to electrolyte imbalance)
antiemetics ( ondansetrone)
antipsychotics( Haloprodiole, quetiapine risperidone)
TCA
SSRI
antiarrhythmics( amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide)
antianginal drugs( ranolazine)
antiinfective drugs(macrolides, fluroquinolones, antifungal)
class 3 antiarrhythmics drugs
Amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, and ibutilide , dronedarone
preferred antiarrhythmic drugs for AF
no CAD or structrural heart disease:flecainide propafenone both 1C
LVH; dronedarone or amiodarone
CAD without heart frilure; sotalol,
heart failure; amiodarone dofetilide
recurrent symtomes refractory to medication; radiofrequency ablation
heart failure classses
classs one ; no symptome or limitation
class 2 ; slight limitation of physical activity
class3 ; marked limitation of physical activity
class4; inability of perform physical activity without significant discomfort
cardiac resynchronization therapy?
LV ejection fracture<35
presents of symptoms
LVBB with QRS duration>150
ICD implatable cardioverter- defibrilator ?
MI with LV EF< 30 or symptoms with <35
VF or VT with reversible cause or cardiomyopathy
what does precordial T inversion suggestive of
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
metonazole
thiazide
cyp2c9 inhibi
metronidazole, quinolones, azoles, amiodarone, acetaminophen,
CYP2c9 induction
oral contraceptive, green leafy vegtables,
INR independent interactions
NSAIDS, clopidogrel, ginko biloba
v tach pharmacologic cardioversion
amioodarone, procainamide, lidocaine, sotalol
cyanide poisoning
hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrate
sever AS
soft single-second heart sound
a delayed and diminished carotid puls parvus et tardus
loud and late peaking systolic murmur
HCM implantable cardiovascular defiblirato
family history of death from HCM
syncope
VT non sustained
hypotensive blood pressure response to exercise
extreme LVH more than 3 cm
survivor of cardiac arrest
sustained VT
revised cardiac risk index (cardiovascular ris of noncardiac surgery)
high risk surgery(vascular)
ischemic heart disease
history of congestive heart failure
history of cerebrovascular disease
diabetes mellitus treated with insulin
preoperative creatinine of more than 2 mg
0 or 1 => surgery
2 or more=> Can go one flight of stairs? or equivalent if not pharmacologically based testing
symptoms of impending respiratory failure
ph 7.23 or paco2 >45
clinical sign of respiratory failure resp rate >25 for 2 hours
hypoxia
risk factores for extubation failure
weak cough
frewuent suctioning
poor mental status
positive fluid balance 24 hours prior to extubation
pneumonia as initial cause
age >65
comorbid conditions
