cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

reversible causes of asystole or pulseless electrical activity

A

hypotension, hypo, and hyperkalemia, hypothermia, hypoxia, hydrogen ions acidosis,.

tension pneumothorax, tamponade, cardiac, toxins, thrombosis pulmonary or coronary, trauma

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2
Q

common malformations in Down syndrome

A
  1. duodenal atresia
  2. hischsprung’s disease,
  3. hypothyroidism
  4. atlantoaxial instability
  5. endocardial cushion defects
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3
Q

conditions in Down syndrome

A

ADHD, Acute leukemias, MDD, seizure, autism, Alzheimer’s dementia

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4
Q

bosentan

A

endothelin receptor antagonist

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4
Q

cha2ds2vacs

A

stroke risk;
congestive heart failure, hypertension, age<75 2, diabetes, stroke2, vascular disease, age 60-75, sex category (female)

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4
Q

Bivaliirudin

A

anticoagulation

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5
Q

sacubitril valsartan

A

neprilysin inhibitor+ angiotansin receptorblockers

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6
Q

kussmaul sign and pulsus paraduxus

A

pulsus paradoxus; in tamponade,

Kussmaul sign: an increase of JVP ( instead of a decrease ) in INSPIRATION.

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7
Q

drugs that can cuase elevated digoxin level

A

amiodarone, verapamil, spironolactone, quinine, quinidine, erythromycin and tetracycline

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8
Q

drugs can cause long QT syndrome

A

diuretics (due to electrolyte imbalance)
antiemetics ( ondansetrone)
antipsychotics( Haloprodiole, quetiapine risperidone)
TCA
SSRI
antiarrhythmics( amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide)
antianginal drugs( ranolazine)
antiinfective drugs(macrolides, fluroquinolones, antifungal)

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9
Q

class 3 antiarrhythmics drugs

A

Amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, and ibutilide , dronedarone

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10
Q

preferred antiarrhythmic drugs for AF

A

no CAD or structrural heart disease:flecainide propafenone both 1C
LVH; dronedarone or amiodarone
CAD without heart frilure; sotalol,
heart failure; amiodarone dofetilide
recurrent symtomes refractory to medication; radiofrequency ablation

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11
Q

heart failure classses

A

classs one ; no symptome or limitation
class 2 ; slight limitation of physical activity
class3 ; marked limitation of physical activity
class4; inability of perform physical activity without significant discomfort

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12
Q

cardiac resynchronization therapy?

A

LV ejection fracture<35
presents of symptoms
LVBB with QRS duration>150

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13
Q

ICD implatable cardioverter- defibrilator ?

A

MI with LV EF< 30 or symptoms with <35
VF or VT with reversible cause or cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

what does precordial T inversion suggestive of

A

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

15
Q

metonazole

16
Q

cyp2c9 inhibi

A

metronidazole, quinolones, azoles, amiodarone, acetaminophen,

17
Q

CYP2c9 induction

A

oral contraceptive, green leafy vegtables,

18
Q

INR independent interactions

A

NSAIDS, clopidogrel, ginko biloba

19
Q

v tach pharmacologic cardioversion

A

amioodarone, procainamide, lidocaine, sotalol

20
Q

cyanide poisoning

A

hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrate

20
Q

sever AS

A

soft single-second heart sound
a delayed and diminished carotid puls parvus et tardus
loud and late peaking systolic murmur

21
Q

HCM implantable cardiovascular defiblirato

A

family history of death from HCM
syncope
VT non sustained
hypotensive blood pressure response to exercise
extreme LVH more than 3 cm
survivor of cardiac arrest
sustained VT

21
revised cardiac risk index (cardiovascular ris of noncardiac surgery)
high risk surgery(vascular) ischemic heart disease history of congestive heart failure history of cerebrovascular disease diabetes mellitus treated with insulin preoperative creatinine of more than 2 mg 0 or 1 => surgery 2 or more=> Can go one flight of stairs? or equivalent if not pharmacologically based testing
22
symptoms of impending respiratory failure
ph 7.23 or paco2 >45 clinical sign of respiratory failure resp rate >25 for 2 hours hypoxia
23
risk factores for extubation failure
weak cough frewuent suctioning poor mental status positive fluid balance 24 hours prior to extubation pneumonia as initial cause age >65 comorbid conditions
24