Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRCME > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

LVEF

A

helps determine CO –> helpful in dx HF

ex: LVEF of 65% means that 65% of overall amount of blood found in LV is pumped out w/ each cardiac contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acceptable LVEF

A

40% in all conditions where clearance is dependent on LVEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ETT

A

measure of exercise performance required for clearance evaluated by 2 indicators

–exercise to capacity of > 6 metabolic equivalents (METs) (through Bruce Stage II or equivalent)
–attain HR of >85% of predicted max (unless on BBs)
–rise in SBP >20mmHg w/o angina
–significant ST depression or elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CAD initial presentation

A

angina
chest pressure or pain w/ exertion or at rest
palpitations
presyncope or true syncope

refer to cardiology –> cert will be “incomplete”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

acute MI

A

WP = 2 months

bi-annual ETT thereafter

no LVD

DQ = rest angina or changes in angina patter w/ in last 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

angina pectoris

A

implies that at least 1 coronary artery has hemodynamic narrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

unstable angina

A

rest angina
changes in angina pattern
decreased response to meds

WP = 3 months w/out rest angina or changes in patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stable angina

A

max cert = 1 year if

cleared by cardio
tolerating meds well
pass annual PE
pass bi-annual ETT

DQ = unstable angina w/in 3 months of exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CABG

A

WP = 3 months (min)

max cert = 1 year –> must have yearly annual ETT starting @ 5 years PO d/t to increased r/o re-occlusion overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PCI

A

max cert = 1 year –> must have yearly bi-annual ETT

WP = none if
–asx
–tolerating meds well
–no injury to vasc. access site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

implanted cardiac devices

A

max cert 1 year

WP = depends on underlying dz
–sinus node dysfx or AV block = 1 month
–hypersensitive carotid sinus w/ syncope = 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

supraventricular arrhythmias

A

SVT & A-fib

not considered high r/f sudden death, but can cause LOC or compromise cerebral fx

a-fib = high r/f embolism/stroke

max cert = 1 year if
–HR controlled
–cleared
–adhering to meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WP for SVT s/p ablation

A

1 month if:

asx

adequate anticoag tx

dx of
–AVRT/AVNRT
–WPW
–junctional tach
–atrial tach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ventricular arrhythmias

A

CAD, right outflow VT, idiopathic left VT

max cert = 1 year if
–asx
–non-sustained VT
–EF > 40&
–cleared

WP = 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ventricular arrhythmias DQ

A

sustained VT
sx
non-sustained VT w/ EF < 40%
VT w/ concurrent dx of
–hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
–long QT syndrome
–brugada syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CHD

A

max cert = 1 year for dx of

mild tricuspid anomaly
mild cardiac enlargement
mild RV dysfx

cleared, asx, echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CHD DQs

A

sx (dyspnea, palps, emboli)
intra-cardiac lesion (ASD)
cardiac shunt
accessory conduction pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HF (systolic dysfx)

A

NYHA most common classification system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Class 1 HF

A

no limitations, no sx w/ ordinary activity

max cert = 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Class 2 HF

A

slight, mild limitation of activity, comfortable at rest or mild activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Class 3 HF

A

marked limitation of activity, comfortable @ rest only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Class 4 HF

A

confined to bed/chair; any physical activity elicits sx; sx @ rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HF DQs

A

EF < 40%
sustained VT > 30 seconds
Class 2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heart transplant WP s/p transplant

A

1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Max cert s/p heart transplant

A

1 year if:

–cleared by cardiology AND transplant med
–no sx of rejection
–asx
–tolerating meds well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Myocardial dz DQs

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Syncope

A

etiology = usually cardiac

non-cardiac = neurocardiogenic - vasovagal

WP = 3 months (cause is difficult to determine, sx often irregular)

max cert = 1 year

28
Q

AAA

A

cert depends on size and surgical recommendations

max cert = 1 year if

< 4 cm and asx
> 4 cm + cardiac clearance
routine US monitoring for size changes

WP = 3 months s/p repair

29
Q

AAA DQs

A

sx
any recommendations for repair regardless of size
> 4 cm but < 5 cm w/o clearance
5 cm or bigger

increases in size of 0.5 cm regardless of size

30
Q

Thoracic aneurysm

A

max cert = 1 year if < 3.5 cm

WP s/p repair = 3 months

DQ for size 3.5 cm or greater

31
Q

Other aneurysms

A

max cert = 1 year if cleared by cardio

WP s/p repair = 3 months

DQ if any recs for repair or no clearance

32
Q

Acute DVT

A

max cert = 1 year if treated w/ anticoags

33
Q

Chronic thrombotic venous dz

A

max cert 2 years if asx

34
Q

intermittent claudication

A

(lower extremity obstructive vascular dz)

WP = 3 months s/p surgical intervention –> then max cert = 1 year

DQ = pain @ rest

35
Q

pulmonary emboli

A

WP = 3 months w/o further emboli and monitoring guidelines are met

max cert = 1 year if long-term therapy is adhered to and well tolerated; asx

DQ = sx

36
Q

Grade 1 murmur

A

must strain to hear

37
Q

Grade 2 murmur

A

can hear faint murmur w/out straining

38
Q

Grade 3 murmur

A

easily hear moderately loud

39
Q

Grade 4 murmur

A

easily hear moderately loud w/ a thrill

40
Q

Grade 5 murmur

A

can hear when only a portion of stethoscope is in contact w/ skin

41
Q

Grade 6 murmur

A

can hear when stethoscope is close to skin, but not in contact

42
Q

Functional murmurs

A

usually benign

systolic, grades 1-2, w/out sx of heart dz

43
Q

murmurs to refer to cardio

A

systolic, grades 1-2, WITH s/s
systolic grads 3+
holo-systolic or late systolic
diastolic or continuous

44
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Chronic, unless caused by endocarditis or severe acute aortic dissection

45
Q

Mild-moderate aortic regurgitation

A

normal LV fx w/ little or not LV dilation

46
Q

Severe aortic regurgitation

A

significant LV dilation

47
Q

WP s/p AVR for aortic regurgitation

A

3 months

48
Q

Max cert for aortic regurgitation w/o repair

A

6 months

49
Q

Max cert s/p AVR for aortic regurgitation

A

1 year if:

Mild dz (asx)
Mod dz (asx w/ normal LV fx)
Little or no LV dilation
Echo at least q2-3 years for mild-mod dz

50
Q

DQs for aortic regurgitation

A

sx
moderate dz w/ more than mild LV dilation or abnormal LV fx
EF < 50%
failed ETT

51
Q

Aortic stenosis max cert

A

1 year if

mild-mod dz
asx
passed echo

52
Q

WP s/p repair for aortic stenosis

A

3 months

53
Q

DQs for aortic stenosis

A

angina
HF
A-fib
LV dysfx w/ EF < 50%
Thromboembolism
severe stenosis that cannot be repaired

54
Q

Mitral regurgitation WP s/p repair

A

3 months

55
Q

Mitral regurgitation max cert

A

1 year if:

mild-mod dz (asx)
severe dz s/p repair and asx
normal LV fx
little or no LV dilation/enlargement
normal pulmonary artery pressure
clearance

56
Q

Mitral regurgitation monitoring

A

moderate dz: echo q6 months

severe dz s/p repair: echo q6-12 mos. + ETT

57
Q

Mitral regurgitation DQs

A

sx
failed ETT
ruptured chordae tendinae or flail leaflet
A-fib
LV dysfx
thromboembolism
PAH

58
Q

Mitral stenosis WP

A

dependent on surgical type
–perc balloon mitral valvotomy = 1 month
–commissurotomy = 3 months

59
Q

Mitral stenosis max cert

A

1 year if

mild-mod dz (asx)
severe dz s/p repair and asx
normal LV fx
little or no LV dilation/enlargement
no PAH
clearance

60
Q

Mitral stenosis annual monitoring

A

CXR + ECG + echo w/ doppler

DQ = severe stenosis w/ no successful tx

61
Q

MVP

A

max cert = 1 year

annual monitoring = echo

62
Q

MVP DQs

A

sx
ruptured chordae tendinae or flail leaflet
A-fib
LV dysfx
systemic emboli
VT documented
severe regurge
syncope

63
Q

Pulmonary valve stenosis WP

A

dependent on surgical type
–perc balloon valvotomy = 1 month
–commissurotomy = 3 months

64
Q

Pulmonary valve stenosis DQs

A

Sx (dyspnea, palps, syncope)
Pulmonary peak gradient > 50 mmHg in presence of normal CO
RV pressure > 50% systemic pressure
more than mild RV hypertrophy
pulmonary valve regurge on echo
main pulmonary artery diameter > 5 cm

65
Q

Prosthetic valves

A

WP after surgery = 3 months

Max cert = 1 year if asx & cleared

Monitoring = monthly INR, echo, ETT

66
Q

Prosthetic valves DQs

A

sx
LVD (EF < 40%)
thrombotic complications
A-fib
PAH
inadequate anticoag AEB monthly INR

67
Q

Anticoagulation therapy

A

Max cert = 1 year if

stable on meds at least 1 month
provide copy of monthly INR monitoring report & it is at therapeutic level

NRCME (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions