✅CARDIOLOGY

Question 1

On an EKG

1 Big Box = ___ ms

Answer 1

1 BIX = 200 ms

________________

BIX = BIG BOX

Question 2

describe [1st degree AV block] EKG

Answer 2

[PR prolonged > [1 BIX (200 ms)]

________________

BIX = BIG BOX

Question 3

[1st degree AV block] Tx

Answer 3

observation

Question 4

Describe [3rd degree AV block]

Answer 4

[PR and QRS are completely independent]

Question 5

2nd degree AV Block: Mobitz Type 1

Describe where block is, EKG findings and describe QRS

Answer 5

[2nd degree AV Block: Mobitz Type 1 Wekenbach]

where = AV Node

EKG = Group beating (prolonged PR leading to absent beat/nonconducted P wave)

QRS is Narrow

Question 6

2nd degree AV Block: Mobitz Type 2

tx

Answer 6

Pacemaker

Question 7

2nd degree AV Block: Mobitz Type 2

Describe where block is, EKG findings and describe QRS-2

Answer 7

[2nd degree AV Block: Mobitz Type 2] (“2 and 2”)

where = Bundle of His

EKG = Beat Drops Randomly but PR stays constant

QRS is Narrow OR Wide

Question 8

Marfan Syndrome s/s -4

Answer 8

TALL

1. Tall with scoliosis or kyphosis
2. Aortic root disesae ➜ SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
3. Lens dislocation ➜ myopia
4. Long arms and legs

Question 9

how do you differentiate Marfan Syndrome from Homocystinuria ? - 2

Answer 9

1. Homocystinuria = auto recessive / Marfan = AUTO DOM
2. Homocystinuria = [Marfan Sx] [+ DVT] [- intelligence]

Question 10

[NONtraumatic lens dislocation] indicates further evaluation for _____?

Why?

Answer 10

Marfan Syndrome (AUTO DOM)

[Aortic Dissection] r/o

Question 11

Management each phase of [Acute Limb Ischemia] - 3

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe capillary refill for the 3 phases of [Acute Limb Ischemia]

Answer 12

Intact ➜ delayed ➜ ABSENT

Question 13

peripheral edema is a side effect of which BP rx?

Answer 13

[CCB dihydropyridine] (ex: amlodipine, nifedipine)

Question 14

a. Describe the 3 vascular complications of cardiac catherization
b. dx?

Answer 14

a. “
b. ultrasound

Question 15

What is PostOperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF)? -4

Answer 15

1. COMMON occurring afib after cardiac surgery
2. caused by INC sympathethetic tone (from surgery itself)
3. spontaneously converts to sinus rhythm within few days
4. likely indicates underlying substrate ➜ recurrent afib ➜ subsequent complications (stroke, HF)

Question 16

Mngmt for [Post-CABG related Afib] -3

Answer 16

This type of Afib is common

1. resolves spontaneously if rate is controlled (Beta Blockers vs Diltiazem in HDS)
2. Amiodarone in HDS
3. DC Conversion if Hemodynamically UNSTABLE

Question 18

[Atrial Fibrillation] is the most common tachyarrhythmia.

It is often precipitated by what 4 things?

Answer 18

“Smh, SAME Afib as before!”

1. Acute systemic illness (Hyperthyroid / HF / HTN)
2. Sympathetic Tone ⬆︎
3. EtOH
4. Mitral Stenosis

Question 19

GFR threshold for hemodialysis

Answer 19

7.5 - 15

Question 20

Describe [Malignant HTN Emergency] - 2

Answer 20

[Hypertensive Urgency (BP>180/110)]

+

Papilledema/Retinal Hemorrhages

Question 21

list the causes of secondary hypertension -8

Answer 21

Question 22

Tx for [Peripheral Arterial Disease] -5

Answer 22

FIRST

1A. AntiPlatelet

1B. [STATIN high intensity]

1C. [Lifestyle ∆ (EXERCISE PROGRAM, no smoking)]

_______(THEN ⬇️)___________

2. [Cilostazol PDE inhibitor] for sx

______(THEN ⬇️⬇️)_________

3. [Surgical Revascularization]