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Cardiology > Cardiocongenital pathology > Flashcards

Cardiocongenital pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta Lies anterior to the R. pulmonary artery. What disease is this referring to?

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

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2
Q

Persistent truncus arteriosus MOA?

A

Septation defect

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3
Q

Transposition of the Great Arteries MOA?

A

Spiral Defect

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4
Q

A Transposition of the Great Arteries requires what to survive? What is it associated with?

A

Shunt (VSD, ASD, PFO); Maternal Diabetes

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5
Q

Tetraology of Fallot is caused by what four things?

A
  1. Pulmonary Stenosis2. Overriding aorta3. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy4. VSD
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6
Q

Fallot’s most important determinant for prognosis?

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

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7
Q

Total Anomalous Pulmonary venous return, what is the problem?

A

The pulmonary vein enters the right heart

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8
Q

In tricupsid atresia. What happens to the R. Ventricle?

A

Hypoplastic

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9
Q

What is common symptom is Left to Right Shunts? Early or Late Cyanosis

A

Excessive Fatigue upon exertion; LateR Cyanosis

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10
Q

Right to Left shunts, Early or Late Cyanosis?

A

eaRLy cyanosis

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11
Q

Frequency of Left to Right Shunts

A

VSD>ASD>PDA

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12
Q

MC Congenital Cardiac Defect?

A

VSD

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13
Q

What is VSD usually associated with?

A

Vodka=Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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14
Q

What Sounds will you hear the most in an ASD?

A

Loud S1; wide and fixed split S2 (due to increased RV filling)

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15
Q

What is MOA in ASD?

A

Defect in interatrial septum

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16
Q

MC ASD in isolated cases?

A

Ostium secundum

17
Q

MC ASD in Down’s Syndrome?

A

Ostium primum (Down’s Syndrome patients have small Palpebral fissures)

18
Q

PDA in fetal period is what kind of shunt? In adult period?

A

Fetal Period=>Right to LeftAdult Period=>Left to Right

19
Q

Patency is maintained by? Closed by?

A

Maintained by PGE kEEps it openEndomethicin=>EndsNormally spontaeously closes after birth

20
Q

What is PDA usually associated with?

A

Congenital Rubella

21
Q

What is the syndrome where the Left to Right Shunt becomes a Right to Left shunt?

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

22
Q

HTN in the upper extremities and weak pulses in the lower extremities?

A

Coarctation of the aorta (COA)

23
Q

Which coarctation involves the PDA?

A

Infantile

24
Q

Infantile Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is associated with what condition?

A

Turner Syndrome

25
Q

Adult Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is associated with?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

26
Q

Adult Coarctation of the aorta (COA) what do you see in CXR?

A

Rib Notching

27
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is associated with?

A

Any of the Left to Right Shunts but MC=>VSD; TOF

28
Q

Rubella associated with?

A

PDA and pulmonary stenosis

29
Q

Down syndrome associated with?

A

AV septal defects (septum primum) like VSD, ASD

30
Q

Marfan Syndrome associated with?

A

MVP, thoracic aneurysm and aortic regurg

cystic medial necrosis of the aorta

31
Q

Lithium associated with?

A

ebstein

32
Q

Turner associated with?

A

Bicuspid valve and COA

33
Q

Williams Syndrome associated with?

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

34
Q

22q11 syndromes (Digeorge)

A

Truncus arteriosus and TOF

35
Q

What CXR do you see in TOF?

A

CXR: boot shaped heart

36
Q

Transposition of Great vessels, TOF, and Truncus Arteriosus are all what kind of diseases?

A

Abnormal migration of neural crest cells

37
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta can lead to what fatal outcome?

A

Berry Aneurysm=>subarachnoid hemorrhage

38
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis can lead to what congenital anomaly?

A

Valvular obstruction due to cardiac rhabdomyomas

39
Q

Are PFOs normal in adults?

A

Yes

Cardiology (12 decks)

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