Cardiocongenital pathology Flashcards
Aorta Lies anterior to the R. pulmonary artery. What disease is this referring to?
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus MOA?
Septation defect
Transposition of the Great Arteries MOA?
Spiral Defect
A Transposition of the Great Arteries requires what to survive? What is it associated with?
Shunt (VSD, ASD, PFO); Maternal Diabetes
Tetraology of Fallot is caused by what four things?
- Pulmonary Stenosis2. Overriding aorta3. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy4. VSD
Fallot’s most important determinant for prognosis?
Pulmonary Stenosis
Total Anomalous Pulmonary venous return, what is the problem?
The pulmonary vein enters the right heart
In tricupsid atresia. What happens to the R. Ventricle?
Hypoplastic
What is common symptom is Left to Right Shunts? Early or Late Cyanosis
Excessive Fatigue upon exertion; LateR Cyanosis
Right to Left shunts, Early or Late Cyanosis?
eaRLy cyanosis
Frequency of Left to Right Shunts
VSD>ASD>PDA
MC Congenital Cardiac Defect?
VSD
What is VSD usually associated with?
Vodka=Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What Sounds will you hear the most in an ASD?
Loud S1; wide and fixed split S2 (due to increased RV filling)
What is MOA in ASD?
Defect in interatrial septum
MC ASD in isolated cases?
Ostium secundum
MC ASD in Down’s Syndrome?
Ostium primum (Down’s Syndrome patients have small Palpebral fissures)
PDA in fetal period is what kind of shunt? In adult period?
Fetal Period=>Right to LeftAdult Period=>Left to Right
Patency is maintained by? Closed by?
Maintained by PGE kEEps it openEndomethicin=>EndsNormally spontaeously closes after birth
What is PDA usually associated with?
Congenital Rubella
What is the syndrome where the Left to Right Shunt becomes a Right to Left shunt?
Eisenmenger syndrome
HTN in the upper extremities and weak pulses in the lower extremities?
Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
Which coarctation involves the PDA?
Infantile
Infantile Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is associated with what condition?
Turner Syndrome
Adult Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is associated with?
Bicuspid aortic valve
Adult Coarctation of the aorta (COA) what do you see in CXR?
Rib Notching
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is associated with?
Any of the Left to Right Shunts but MC=>VSD; TOF
Rubella associated with?
PDA and pulmonary stenosis
Down syndrome associated with?
AV septal defects (septum primum) like VSD, ASD
Marfan Syndrome associated with?
MVP, thoracic aneurysm and aortic regurg
cystic medial necrosis of the aorta
Lithium associated with?
ebstein
Turner associated with?
Bicuspid valve and COA
Williams Syndrome associated with?
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
22q11 syndromes (Digeorge)
Truncus arteriosus and TOF
What CXR do you see in TOF?
CXR: boot shaped heart
Transposition of Great vessels, TOF, and Truncus Arteriosus are all what kind of diseases?
Abnormal migration of neural crest cells
Coarctation of the Aorta can lead to what fatal outcome?
Berry Aneurysm=>subarachnoid hemorrhage
Tuberous Sclerosis can lead to what congenital anomaly?
Valvular obstruction due to cardiac rhabdomyomas
Are PFOs normal in adults?
Yes
