Cardio Week 2 Flashcards
Hypertension
Systolic blood pressure ≥140 and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Patients with DM should have BP
Secondary Hypertension
Caused by…
Renal disease
Primary aldosteronism- hold on to water which increases vascular load
Pheochromocytoma- adrenal tumor, hormone imbalance
Cushing’s syndrome
Essential Hypertension
Results in damage to vital organs Causes thickening of arterioles Common risk factors: Obesity (modifiable) Smoking (modifiable) Stress (modifiable) Family history
Hypertension drugs
Beta-adrenergic blockers Renin inhibitors Central alpha agonists Alpha-adrenergic agonists Diuretics Calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Aldosterone receptor antagonists
Hypertensive crisis
Could have a stroke bc bp is so high, wanna get bp to come down gradually
Causes cerebral edema so you may have confusion headache vision changes- assess neurological frequently and maintain renal function bc really high bp will shut off blood flow to the kidneys which will causes renal damage
Coronary artery disease
Stable angina and acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina STEMI and NSTEMI MI’s)
CAD acute care
Nitroglycerin- vasodilates so more blood and o2 can get to muscle
Morphine Sulfate- calms patient down, lower bp
Cholesterol lowering agents
Statins Bile Acid Sequestrants Nicotinic Acid Fibric Acid Derivatives ASA ACE Inhibitors
Unstable Angina
Lasts longer than 15 mins and occurs at rest
ST changes on 12-lead ECG, but no changes in troponin or CK levels
Angina management
MONA Nitroglycerin-vasodilates Oxygen Morphine sulfate-calming/vasodilates Antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications- aspirin
Beta-blocker-slows heart down so needs less o2
Position of comfort
Quiet and calm environment
Revascularization procedures
MI diagnostics
Troponin Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) Myoglobin Imaging assessment 12-lead electrocardiograms Cardiac catheterization
Post cardiac cath
Bed rest per orders (2-6 hours) with leg straight – Reverse Trendelenburg
↑ HOB no more than 30 degrees with leg straight
Fluids:
I & O monitoring
Encourage fluids
Monitor IV’s
Thrombolytic therapy
Fibrinolytics dissolve thrombi in coronary arteries, restore myocardial blood flow.
Ex Tissue plasminogen activator, Reteplase, Tenecteplase
Interventions for patient with chest pain
Stop and sit down
Vital signs, assess pain and give oxygen
Can give nitroglycerin
Diagnostics- EKG, CBC, troponin
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
compresses atheroma and stretches coronary artery
feed catheter into the heart, blow up balloon which pushes plaque to the wall of the vessel
