Cardio PT 1 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Easy way to remember beta-1 vs beta-2:
1 heart vs 2 lungs.
Beta blockers _______ cardiac contractility (negative inotropes), so a beta agonist ______ cardiac contractility.
Beta blockers REDUCE cardiac contractility (negative inotropes), so a beta agonist BOOSTS cardiac contractility.
Differences between cardiac muscle
and skeletal muscle
Duration of contraction (cardiac is longer)
Functional syncytium: cells all connected via gap junctions. (still separate cells)
Syncytia (Atrial and Ventricular) separated by fibrous tissue around AV openings.
Additional channel: Ca-Na (slower but longer)
(Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle both have fast sodium channels)
Primary pace maker?
controlled by?
SA node
Autonomic NS
a class III antiarrythmic agent that prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential, the REPOLARIZATION phase where there is normally decreased calcium permeability and increased potassium permeability
Amnioderone
Slows down the conduction of electrical activity within the heart by blocking the calcium channel during the PLATEAU phase of the action potential of the heart
CCB
reduces HR (parasympathetic)
used to treat a fast HR called SVT
Vagal stimulation
Vagus nerve = parasympathetic = rest & digest
During isovolumic, only thing changing is
PRESSURE (volume does not change)
The purpose of valves is to prevent
BACKFLOW
The purpose of chordae tendineae is to
prevent over bulging/prolapse
Pressures during diastole:
Ventricles
Atria
Ventricles have LOWER pressure.
Atria have HIGHER pressure.
A-V Valve opening
Once pressure in the _______ builds up enough, we open the valve.
Once the valve is open, we fill up our _______
A-V Valve opening
Once pressure in the ATRIA builds up enough, we open the valve.
Once the valve is open, we fill up our LV
Period of rapid filling what valve opens?
Systole or Diastole?
A-V Valve opening
Diastole
Pressures during Systole:
Ventricles
Atria
Ventricles have HIGHER pressure.
Atria have LOWER pressure.
Once pressure in the LV builds up enough (____________), we open the __________
Semilunar Valve opening
Once pressure in the LV builds up enough (ISOVOLUMIC CONTRACTION), we open the SEMILUNAR VALVE.
Once we hit right above ________mmHg in the LV then the ______________
Majority of your blood (_____%) is ejected QUICKLY (_____ time), which is the period of rapid ejection.
Rest takes _____ time for the period of slow ejection.
Once we hit right above 80 in the LV, semilunar valves open.
Majority of your blood (70%) is ejected QUICKLY (⅓ time), which is the period of rapid ejection.
Rest takes ⅔ time for the period of slow ejection.
Once your LV is done squeezing, it ________, so LV pressure _______ and the semilunar valve closes. (_____________)
Closing of the Semilunar Valves
Once your LV is done squeezing, it relaxes, so LV pressure DROPS and the semilunar valve closes. (Isovolumic relaxation)
What is the pressure of the LV and LA during Systole
LV = high, LA = low
Average Cardiac Output =
Cardiac output equation =
5L/min
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Average Stroke Volume =
70 mL/beat
Ejection Fraction (EF) =
((EDV - ESV) / EDV) x 100 = EF
How much blood did you pump out compared to what you started with.
End systolic volume/ESV =
the volume at the END of systole (50 mL)
Stroke volume/SV =
the volume EJECTED out of the LV during systole (70 mL)
End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume = SV
End diastolic volume/EDV =
the volume at the END of diastole (120 mL)
EDV = SV + ESV?
