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Y1S1 Medicine > CARDIO- overview of cardiovascular system > Flashcards

CARDIO- overview of cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is passive diffusion

A

movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

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2
Q

what is convective transport

A

movement of solutes / fluids down a pressure gradient

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3
Q

what are the features of passive diffusion

A

random
undirected
thermal movement of molecules
occurs via equation - time is proportional to distance squared

passive diffusion is good over short distances but not good for long distances

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4
Q

why is a cardiovascular system required to maintain body function

A

establishment of convective transport for perfusion to organs / peripherals

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5
Q

what are the roles of the heart and blood vessels in the cardiovascular system

A

transport oxygen and substrates to cells
transport carbon dioxide and metabolites for excretion
distribution of hormones
transport of defence mechanisms
thermoregulation

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6
Q

outline the electrical conduction of the heart

A 
SA node
atrium
AV node
bundle branches 
purkinje fibres
ventricles
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7
Q

what is the function of elastic vessels

A

large arteries
accommodate stroke volume
convert intermittent ejection onto continuous flow

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8
Q

what is the function of resistance vessels

A

resistance vessels - arterioles - control arterial BP - control local blood flow

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9
Q

what is the function of capacitance vessels

A

venules, veins

control filling pressure - reservoir of blood

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10
Q

what is the function of exchange vessels

A

capillaries

nutrient delivery to the cells

tissue, water and lymph formation

removal of metabolic waste

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11
Q

define HR

A

number of heart beats per min

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12
Q

define stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat

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13
Q

define total peripheral resistance

A

resistance of blood vessels to blood flow

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14
Q

what is cardiac output

A

hr x sv

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15
Q

what is blood flow

A

arterial BP / TPR

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16
Q

what controls cardiac output

A

filling pressure - hypovolemia

sympathetic / parasympathetic autonomic nerves - excercise

chemical factors - adrenaline

afterload - hypertension

17
Q

describe the vessel circulation of blood

A 
arteries 
arterioles
capillaries
diffusion
venules
veins
vena cava
18
Q

explain pressure differences that maintain blood flow

A

oscillating pressure in aorta

arterioles pressure drops

pressure drops in capillaries

pressure maintains low through venules and veins

19
Q

outline the velocity of blood flow through the circulation

A

remains high in the aorta
drops in capillaries - aids exchange
out of capillaries and into venules - increases velocity

20
Q

where is most of the blood circulation at any one time

A

capillaries

21
Q

what is the equation for calculating blood velocity

A

blood flow / cross sectional area

22
Q

outline the blood flow and pressure relationship

A

development of appropriate blood pressure is essential for maintaining blood flow and oxygen transport to tissues /organs

23
Q

what is the blood pressure of systemic circulation

A

120 / 80

24
Q

what is the blood pressure in pulmonary circulation

A

25 / 15

25
Q

hat affects blood pressure

A

CO and TPR

26
Q

what effect will a decrease in CO have

A

decrease in blood volume - reduce BP and produce poor blood flow to tissues

27
Q

what effect will an increase in TPR have

A

excessive arteriole constriction will switch off blood flow to tissues
associated with an increase in BP upstream on constriction - potential cause and consequence of hypertension

28
Q

what is meant by the saying the cardiovascular system in a dual circulation

A

in parallel - cardiac output is split up - safeguards oxygen supply - most of the organs are supplied this way

therefore if there is an occlusion in say the lower part of the body the upper part is unaffected

in series - some organs use ‘used’ blood - liver and kidney - can be an issue for these organs if the CVS is compromised

29
Q

true / false - the cardiovascular system is a closed system

A

true

Y1S1 Medicine (53 decks)

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