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Physio > Cardio II > Flashcards

Cardio II Flashcards

1
Q

Corresponds to atrial depolarization in the ECG

A

P Wave

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2
Q

Corresponds to ventricular depolarization in the ECG

A

QRS complex

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3
Q

Corresponds to ventricular repolarization in the ECG

A

T wave

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4
Q

Conduction of Cardiac AP through AV node

A

PR Interval

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5
Q

Correlates with Phase 2/Plateau of Cardiac AP

A

ST segment

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6
Q

Isoelectric points

A

PR Segment
ST Segment

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7
Q

Stimulates AV node which increases conduction velocity and decreases PR interval

A

Sympathetic NS
B2 receptors
- Shorter Phase 4 = Faster AP

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8
Q

Type of Heart block where all atrial impulses reach the ventricles but PR INTERVAL IS LONG

A

1st Degree AV Block

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9
Q

Type of Heart block where not all impulses are conducted to ventricles:
Ventricular rate < atrial rate
Or P Wave not always followed by QRS

A

2nd Degree AV Block

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10
Q

Complete AV Block with P and QRS waves independent from each other causing atrioventricular dissociation

A

3rd Degree AV Block

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11
Q

Sporadically occurring block with constant PR Intervals before a block occurs

A

Mobitz Type II
(-) Wenckebach phenomenon

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12
Q

ECG shows gradual increase of PR interval before a block occurs

A

Mobitz Type I
(+) Wenckebach phenomenon

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13
Q

Systemic diseases that can cause 3rd Degree AV Blocks

A

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
SLE

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14
Q

3rd Degree AV block causes:

A

Fainting/syncope
Worsening exercise intolerance
**Due to cerebral ischemia

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15
Q

ECG findings in Hypokalemia

A
  1. Increased amplitude and width of P wave
  2. QT prolongation
  3. ST depression
  4. Flat/inverted T wave
  5. Prominent u wave
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16
Q

ECG findings in Hyperkalemia

A
  1. Low P wave
  2. Tall T wave
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17
Q

ECG Findings in Hypocalcemia

A
  1. Prolonged QT interval
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18
Q

Hypocalcemia is associated with

A

Long QT syndrome which can cause sudden fainting and sudden death

Torsades de Pointes which can cause ventricular arrhythmias/ventricular fibrillation

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19
Q

Which drug class causes Torsades de Pointes?

A

Macrolides

20
Q

ECG finding in Hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT interval

21
Q

ECG finding in Q-wave infarct or Transmural Infarct

A

ST Segment Elevation

22
Q

ECG finding in non Q-wave infarct or Subendocardial Infarct

A

ST Segment Depression

23
Q

Cardiac Stable RMP

A

-90mV

24
Q

Phases of Cardiac AP

A

Phase 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

25
Q

Phases of Cardiac SA Node AP

A

Phase 4, 0, 3
Phase 4 = Unstable RMP
Phase 0 = Depolarization - Ca influx
Phase 3 = Repolarization - K efflux

26
Q

Sequence of Cardiac pacemakers

A

SA Node > AV Node > Bundle of His > Purkinje Fibers

27
Q

Master Pacemaker that exerts overdrive suppression on other pacemakers

A

SA Node

28
Q

Latent Pacemakers

A

AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers

29
Q

When latent pacemakers assume pacemaking activity

A

Ectopic Pacemaker

30
Q

Intrinsic rate of Phase 4

A

SA Node: 70-80 beats/min
AV Node: 40-60 beats/min
Bundle of His: 40 beats/min
Purkinje Fibers: 15-20 beats/min

31
Q

Pacemaker with slowest conduction velocity

A

AV Node at 0.01-0.05 m/sec

32
Q

Pacemaker with duration of cycles

A

SA Node

33
Q

Pacemaker with fastest conduction velocity

A

Purkine Fibers at 2-4 m/sec

34
Q

Responsible for slow Na influx during Phase 4 of SA Node AP

A

If or slow, funny Na channels

35
Q

What triggers If channels?

A

K efflux of Phase 3 which causes automaticity and pacemaking activity
**phase 3 always causes phase 4

36
Q

What causes AV Nodal conduction delay?

A

Fibrous tissue with less gap junctions causes delay in transmission of conduction which allows adequate time for ventricular filling

37
Q

Changes in CONTRACTILITY

A

Inotropic effect

38
Q

Changes in RELAXATION

A

Lusitropic effect

39
Q

Changes in HEART RATE

A

CHronotripic effecy

40
Q

Changes in CONDUCTION VELOCITY

A

Dromotropic effect

41
Q

Intropes affect

A

Ventricular contraction and stroke volume

42
Q

Chromotropes affect

A

SA Node (HR)

43
Q

Dromotropes affect

A

AV Node (Conduction Velocity)

44
Q

Dromotropes are affected vg

A

Inward calcium current

45
Q

B1 stimulation of the heart will cause

A

Stronger, briefer and more frequent contractions
+ inotrope
+ lusitrope
+ chronotrope

46
Q

Myocardial contractility is best correlated with intracellular concentration of

A

Calcium

Physio (5 decks)

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