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Cardio I Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for Cardiac Output

A

CO = HR x SV

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2
Q

True or False
Systemic blood flow = Pulmonary blood flow

A

True

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3
Q

CO at rest

A

5L/min

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4
Q

Max CO by non-athlete

A

20L/min

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5
Q

Max CO by athlete

A

30L/min

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6
Q

Pulmonic vs Systemic Circulation

A

Lower resistance, afterload, stroke work
But
Same preload, HR, SV, CO

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7
Q

Greatest blood flow per 100g of tissue

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Example of situation where pulmonary blood flow is greater than aortic blood flow?

A

Left-right ventricular shunt

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9
Q

Control conduits of the circulation

A

Arterioles

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10
Q

Component of the circulation with the largest cross-sectional area

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

Drains proteins and fluids from the interstitium

A

Lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Component of circulation that contains stressed volume

A

Arteries

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13
Q

Site of greatest resistance which contains adrenergic receptors

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

Capacitance vessels of the circulation

A

Veins

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15
Q

Structure of Arteries and Veins

A

Tunica Intima - contains endothelial cells
Tunica Media - contains smooth muscle and a1 and b2 receptors
Tunica Adventitia - made of connective tissue

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16
Q

Component of the circulation with slowest blood flow velocity

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

Lymph vessels in the GI tract that carries chylomicrons

A

Lacteals

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18
Q

Right Atrial Pressure is also called

A

Central Venous Pressure

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19
Q

Pressure in Right Atrium

A

0-4 mmHg
Lowest

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20
Q

Site of highest oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

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21
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Tricuspid Valve (R)
Mitral Valve (L)

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22
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

Pulmonic Valve (R)
Aortic Valve (L)

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23
Q

Primer pumps of ventricles

24
Q

Atrial contraction is responsible for how many % of ventricular filling?

25
Systolic blood pressure is highest at:
Branching points of the aorta Ex: Renal artery
26
Cardiac Output Formulas:
1. CO = HR x SV 2. CO = BP/TPR (From Ohm’s Law - Q = P/R) 3. CO = VR = VO2/AVO2 (From Fick’s Law)
27
Formula for Blood Flow (Ohm’s Law)
Q = P/R Or CO = (MAP-Right Atrial Pressure)/TPR
28
Formula for Blood Flow Velocity
V = Q/A
29
Formula for Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
PVR = (Pulmonary Artery Pressure - Left Atrial Pressure)/CO ** From Ohm’s Law: Q = P/R
30
Formula for Resistance to Blood Flow (Law of Poiseuille)
R = 8nl/πr4
31
Viscosity is determined by:
Hct = %RBC ^ Hct = Polycythemia V Hct = Anemia
32
Streamline blood flow with blood velocity fastest at the center and slowest near vessel walls
Laminar Blood Flow
33
Irregular, disorderly blow associated with High Reynold’s number (>2000) and bruitd (audible vibrations)
Turbulent Blood Flow
34
Formula for Turbulence
Nr = pdv/n P = density d = diameter v = velocity n = viscosity
35
Partial occlusion of blood vessel leads to what kind of blood flow
Turbulent blood flow Decreased cross-sectional area = high velocity
36
Formula for Capacitance/Compliance
C = V/P V = volume P = pressure
37
Normal pressure at the aorta
120/80
38
Normal pressure at the branching points of the aorta
Slightly higher than aorta
39
Normal pressure at the systemic arterioles
50 mmHg
40
Normal pressure at the systemic capillaries
17 mmHg
41
Normal pressure at the vena cava/Right Atrium
0-4 mmHg
42
Normal pressure at the pulmonic arteries
15-25/8-10 mmHg
43
Normal pulmonary capillary pressure
7 mmHg
44
Highest arterial blood pressure
Systolic pressure
45
Lowest arterial blood pressure
Diastolic pressure
46
Formula for Pulse Pressure or BP
1. Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure 2. PP = SV/AC SV - stroke volume AC - arterial compliance
47
Most important determinant of Pulse Pressure
Stroke Volume
48
Formula for Mean Arterial Pressure
1/3(SBP) + 2/3(DBP) Or Diastole + 1/3(PP) where PP = SBP - DBP
49
How do you compute for Ejection Fraction?
EF = SV/EDV
50
Normal ratio of systemic to pulmonary pressure
3:1
51
Ratio of venous compliance to arterial compliance
20:1
52
How do you measure Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure?
Swan-Ganz Catheter to measure Left Atrial Pressure
53
What increases when Central Venous Pressure increases?
ANP or Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
54
Causes of Increased (widened) Pulse Pressure
Note: PP = SV/AC **Either ^ SV or decreased AC 1. Well-conditioned endurance runner 2. Old age 3. Aortic regurgitation 4. Aortic sclerosis 5. Severe IDA 6. Arteriosclerosis 7. Hyperthyroidism
55
Causes of decreased (narrow) Pulse Pressure:
Note: PP = SV/AC 1. Heart Failure 2. Blood loss 3. Aortic stenosis 4. Cardiac tamponade
56
Vitamin Deficiency that can cause CHF or Wet Beriberi
Vitamin B1 or Thiamine Deficiency

Physio (5 decks)

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