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Cardio I Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for Cardiac Output

A

CO = HR x SV

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2
Q

True or False
Systemic blood flow = Pulmonary blood flow

A

True

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3
Q

CO at rest

A

5L/min

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4
Q

Max CO by non-athlete

A

20L/min

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5
Q

Max CO by athlete

A

30L/min

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6
Q

Pulmonic vs Systemic Circulation

A

Lower resistance, afterload, stroke work
But
Same preload, HR, SV, CO

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7
Q

Greatest blood flow per 100g of tissue

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Example of situation where pulmonary blood flow is greater than aortic blood flow?

A

Left-right ventricular shunt

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9
Q

Control conduits of the circulation

A

Arterioles

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10
Q

Component of the circulation with the largest cross-sectional area

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

Drains proteins and fluids from the interstitium

A

Lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Component of circulation that contains stressed volume

A

Arteries

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13
Q

Site of greatest resistance which contains adrenergic receptors

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

Capacitance vessels of the circulation

A

Veins

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15
Q

Structure of Arteries and Veins

A

Tunica Intima - contains endothelial cells
Tunica Media - contains smooth muscle and a1 and b2 receptors
Tunica Adventitia - made of connective tissue

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16
Q

Component of the circulation with slowest blood flow velocity

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

Lymph vessels in the GI tract that carries chylomicrons

A

Lacteals

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18
Q

Right Atrial Pressure is also called

A

Central Venous Pressure

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19
Q

Pressure in Right Atrium

A

0-4 mmHg
Lowest

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20
Q

Site of highest oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

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21
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Tricuspid Valve (R)
Mitral Valve (L)

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22
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

Pulmonic Valve (R)
Aortic Valve (L)

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23
Q

Primer pumps of ventricles

24
Q

Atrial contraction is responsible for how many % of ventricular filling?

25
Q

Systolic blood pressure is highest at:

A

Branching points of the aorta
Ex: Renal artery

26
Q

Cardiac Output Formulas:

A
  1. CO = HR x SV
  2. CO = BP/TPR (From Ohm’s Law - Q = P/R)
  3. CO = VR = VO2/AVO2 (From Fick’s Law)
27
Q

Formula for Blood Flow (Ohm’s Law)

A

Q = P/R
Or
CO = (MAP-Right Atrial Pressure)/TPR

28
Q

Formula for Blood Flow Velocity

29
Q

Formula for Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

A

PVR = (Pulmonary Artery Pressure - Left Atrial Pressure)/CO

** From Ohm’s Law: Q = P/R

30
Q

Formula for Resistance to Blood Flow (Law of Poiseuille)

A

R = 8nl/πr4

31
Q

Viscosity is determined by:

A

Hct = %RBC
^ Hct = Polycythemia
V Hct = Anemia

32
Q

Streamline blood flow with blood velocity fastest at the center and slowest near vessel walls

A

Laminar Blood Flow

33
Q

Irregular, disorderly blow associated with High Reynold’s number (>2000) and bruitd (audible vibrations)

A

Turbulent Blood Flow

34
Q

Formula for Turbulence

A

Nr = pdv/n

P = density
d = diameter
v = velocity
n = viscosity

35
Q

Partial occlusion of blood vessel leads to what kind of blood flow

A

Turbulent blood flow
Decreased cross-sectional area = high velocity

36
Q

Formula for Capacitance/Compliance

A

C = V/P

V = volume
P = pressure

37
Q

Normal pressure at the aorta

38
Q

Normal pressure at the branching points of the aorta

A

Slightly higher than aorta

39
Q

Normal pressure at the systemic arterioles

40
Q

Normal pressure at the systemic capillaries

41
Q

Normal pressure at the vena cava/Right Atrium

42
Q

Normal pressure at the pulmonic arteries

A

15-25/8-10 mmHg

43
Q

Normal pulmonary capillary pressure

44
Q

Highest arterial blood pressure

A

Systolic pressure

45
Q

Lowest arterial blood pressure

A

Diastolic pressure

46
Q

Formula for Pulse Pressure or BP

A
  1. Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure
  2. PP = SV/AC

SV - stroke volume
AC - arterial compliance

47
Q

Most important determinant of Pulse Pressure

A

Stroke Volume

48
Q

Formula for Mean Arterial Pressure

A

1/3(SBP) + 2/3(DBP)

Or

Diastole + 1/3(PP)
where
PP = SBP - DBP

49
Q

How do you compute for Ejection Fraction?

A

EF = SV/EDV

50
Q

Normal ratio of systemic to pulmonary pressure

51
Q

Ratio of venous compliance to arterial compliance

52
Q

How do you measure Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure?

A

Swan-Ganz Catheter to measure Left Atrial Pressure

53
Q

What increases when Central Venous Pressure increases?

A

ANP or Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

54
Q

Causes of Increased (widened) Pulse Pressure

A

Note: PP = SV/AC
**Either ^ SV or decreased AC

  1. Well-conditioned endurance runner
  2. Old age
  3. Aortic regurgitation
  4. Aortic sclerosis
  5. Severe IDA
  6. Arteriosclerosis
  7. Hyperthyroidism
55
Q

Causes of decreased (narrow) Pulse Pressure:

A

Note: PP = SV/AC

  1. Heart Failure
  2. Blood loss
  3. Aortic stenosis
  4. Cardiac tamponade
56
Q

Vitamin Deficiency that can cause CHF or Wet Beriberi

A

Vitamin B1 or Thiamine Deficiency

Physio (5 decks)

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