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STEP 1 > Cardio/Heme/Onc Cards > Flashcards

Cardio/Heme/Onc Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Drug of choice for PVD

A

Cilostazol (vasodilator and anti-platelet)

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2
Q

Cerebellar tumor in a child

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma vs. medulloblastoma

PCA = solid and cystic on CT
Med = solid only
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3
Q

Carotid sinus reflex

A

Carotid sinus -> glossopharyngeal sensory afferent -> vagus parasympathetic efferent

Increased pressure increases baroreceptor firing, which increases parasympathetic tone

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4
Q

Heart mass with mucopolysaccharide stroma

A

Myxoma

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5
Q

AV nodal artery infarct -> came from where?

A

Dominant coronary artery (usually right coronary)

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6
Q

Tx of beta blocker overdose

A

Glucagon (increase cAMP, Ca2++ release)

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7
Q

Big time side effect of gangcyclovir and zidovudine, which is made worse when adding TMP-SMX

A

Neutropenia (pancytopenia)

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8
Q

Antiarrhythimc that preferentially binds ischemic or depolarized cardiac tissues

A

Class IB

Lidocaine, Mexiltine

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9
Q

Only diruetic that increases survival in HFrEF

A

MC antagonists

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10
Q

Adeonsine mech and AE

A

Increases K+ out of cell = hyperpolarization
SHORT ACTING
In effect, decreases Ica

AE: flushing, hypotension, impeding doom

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11
Q

Congenital QT syndrome

A
  1. Romano-Ward: AD, no deaf
  2. Jervell-Lange-Nielsen: AR, sensorineural deafness
    Mutations to voltage gated K+ channels
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12
Q

Adeonsine and dipyramidal use in cardiac imaging

A

Coronary steal -> occulded vessels that rely on collateral flow will become ischemic with admin of these drugs and then be found on imagining studies

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13
Q

Constrictive pericarditis findings

A

Increased JVP
Kussmaul sign
Pulsus peridoxus
Pericardial knock (constrictive ONLY)

First 3 can be either constrictive pericarditis OR restrictive cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

Rise in JVP with inspiration (normally a decrease)

Found in constrictive pericarditis OR restrictive cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

CD55 and CD95 neg

Can’t defend against normal complement

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16
Q

Plumber-vinson syndrome

A

Esophageal webs
Dysphagia
Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

CD14 marker

A

Monocyte/macrophage lineage

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18
Q

Li-Fraumini cancers and mutation

A

Breast, Brain, Adrenal, Sarcoma, Leukemia

TP53

Li Always Buys Such Bad toilet paper (TP)
but
Von Has Perfect Cleanliness

VHL: CC renal, pheo, hemangioblastomas

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19
Q

Multiple myeloma consequences

A

A CRAB

Anemia
hyperCalcemia
Renal (Bence Jones proteinuria)
Amyloidosis
Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
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20
Q

Spherocytosis surface proteins and CBC finding

A

Ankyrin
Band 3
Spectrin

Increased MCHC

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21
Q

Serum PTH and calcium findings in osteoporosis

A

NORMAL

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22
Q

What medication should be used to prevent coronary vasospasm in the first days following subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine (Ca++ channel blocker)

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23
Q

Aplastic anemia

A 
Drugs (chloramphenicol)
Alkylating agents
Viral (parvo B19)
Fanconi anemia
Idiopathic

Retics down
EPO up

24
Q

Conjugated hereditary hyperbilirubinemias

A

Dubin-Johnson - black liver
Rotor syndrome - no black liver

Benign and fine

25
Unconjugated hereditary hyperbilirubinemias
``` Gilbert - no biggie Crigler-Najjar syndrome Type 1: severe, jaundice, kernicterus Tx. plasmapheresis and phototherapy Type 2: less severe, phenobarb tx ```
26
Intravascular vs Extravascular vs Intrinsic anemia vs Extrinsic anemia
Intravascular hemolysis: blood cell is being destroyed out in the vessels Extravascular hemolysis: cleared by the RE system (spleen) Intrinsic anemia: something wrong with RBC (can be intra/extravacular) Extrinsic anemia: something wrong with serum
27
ALL age group and markers
Children (Down syndrome >5yrs) B-ALL: TdT, CD10, CD19 T-ALL: TdT, CD2-8 12;21 -> good prognosis 9;22 -> poor prognosis (yes, same as CML)
28
Beck's triad
Muffled heart sounds Distended neck veins Hypotension Cardiac tamponade
29
Valve status in strep vir. vs. staph aur.
Strep vir usually requires MVP/pre-existing fibrin | Staph aur can just do it
30
Aortic aneurysm pathogenesis
TAA: cystic medial degeneration, Marfans AAA: transmural inflammation, atherosclerosis, smoker
31
Jugular venous tracing
ACV, XY A wave = Atrial contraction C wave = rvh Contraction V wave = Villing against close Valve X descent = relaXation, tricuspid displacement (absent in tri regurg) Y descent = emptYing. Prominent in constrictive Pericarditis, Absent in tAmponade
32
Pathogenesis of PAH
vascular smooth muscle proliferation
33
Group D strep: strep gallolytiucs warrants what work up?
Colonic malignancy | Colonoscopy
34
Post MI histology
``` 0-4 hours: normal 4 hours to 1 day: coag necrosis 1 day to 3 days: neuts 4 days to 1 week: macs 1 week to 1 month: granulation tissue/fibroblast/collagen >1 month: white scar, fibrosis ```
35
Post MI complications
0-4hr: shock 0-4days: arrhythmia, vfib 4-7days: papillary muscle->septal->free wall (increase with time) Late: Aneurysm, Dressler
36
Pathogenesis of HUS/TTP
Toxin inhibits platelet function -> microthrombi | RBC's lysis and shistocytes
37
Carcinoid heart disease
Dense fibrous deposits especially around valve | Right heart most affected
38
Clonidine mech of action
a2 agonist (inhibit an inhibitor centrally) Decrease SVR Decrease HR No reflex, all central
39
Alpha-1 antagonist drugs
Doxazosin | Terazosin
40
Lymphangiosarcoma risk factor and associated condition
Persistent lymphedema | 10 years post-masectomy
41
Temporal arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis
Both: granulomatous at branch points Temporal: branches of carotid artery Takayasu: aortic arch branches (pulseless dz)
42
Drug of choice for stable angina to decrease cardiac events? What if they can't tolerate?
Aspirin | Move to antiplatelet (clopidogrel)
43
Hairy cell leukemia
TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) Pancytopenia Dry Tap
44
Abdominal mass with HIGH mitotic rate
Burkitt's lymphoma | Starry sky appearance
45
Blistering porphyria
``` Porphyria cutanea tardia Uro decarboxylase (UROD) ``` U Decarb on the PCT
46
Painful abdomen, port wine urine, psych porphyria
Acute intermittent porphyria Prophobilinogen deaminase Poor damn heme
47
Sideroblastic vs. lead poisoning enzymes
Sideroblastic = deltaALA-Synthase | Lead tox = Ferrochelatase and deltaALA-DH
48
JAK2 diseases and type of receptor
INTRACELLULAR tyrosine kinase PV ET Myelofibrosis JAK is My P ET
49
How do you make an S3 louder?
Bell over apex Left lateral decubits Listen at end expiration (closer to wall)
50
Recent intravascular procedure and signs of ischemia/livedo reticularis?
Cholesterol emboli dislodged from artery wall with catheterization Most often affects kidney but also GI, CNS, and skin Light microscopy shows needle shaped cholesterol clefts in the thrombus
51
Main mech of anti-anginal therapy?
Decreased myocardial O2 demand (nitro) Decreased LV EDV Usually, arterioles are already max dilated
52
Cardiac conduction speeds
Park At Venture Avenue Purjinke, Atrial muscle, Ventricular muscle, AV node
53
Vessels most at risk for atherosclerosis?
Large, elastic arteries: | Aorta > coronary artery > p > carotid
54
Dopamine use as a cardiac drug?
Low dose -> stimulates kidney D1 receptors to increase GFR Higher dose -> stimulates ß1 on cardiac tissue and renin receptors on kideny Higher still -> stimulates a1 for vasoconstriction Drug app: fenoldopam
55
Magic angina obstruction %?
75%
56
Migratory thrombophlebitis and implications?
``` Trosseau sign Visceral cancer (pancreas, colon, lung) ```
57
Lowest O2 content in the body?
Coronary sinus (cardiac muscle real good at gettin' that O2 out)

STEP 1 (11 decks)

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