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STEP 1 > Cardio/Heme/Onc Cards > Flashcards

Cardio/Heme/Onc Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Drug of choice for PVD

A

Cilostazol (vasodilator and anti-platelet)

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2
Q

Cerebellar tumor in a child

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma vs. medulloblastoma

PCA = solid and cystic on CT
Med = solid only
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3
Q

Carotid sinus reflex

A

Carotid sinus -> glossopharyngeal sensory afferent -> vagus parasympathetic efferent

Increased pressure increases baroreceptor firing, which increases parasympathetic tone

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4
Q

Heart mass with mucopolysaccharide stroma

A

Myxoma

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5
Q

AV nodal artery infarct -> came from where?

A

Dominant coronary artery (usually right coronary)

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6
Q

Tx of beta blocker overdose

A

Glucagon (increase cAMP, Ca2++ release)

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7
Q

Big time side effect of gangcyclovir and zidovudine, which is made worse when adding TMP-SMX

A

Neutropenia (pancytopenia)

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8
Q

Antiarrhythimc that preferentially binds ischemic or depolarized cardiac tissues

A

Class IB

Lidocaine, Mexiltine

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9
Q

Only diruetic that increases survival in HFrEF

A

MC antagonists

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10
Q

Adeonsine mech and AE

A

Increases K+ out of cell = hyperpolarization
SHORT ACTING
In effect, decreases Ica

AE: flushing, hypotension, impeding doom

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11
Q

Congenital QT syndrome

A
  1. Romano-Ward: AD, no deaf
  2. Jervell-Lange-Nielsen: AR, sensorineural deafness
    Mutations to voltage gated K+ channels
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12
Q

Adeonsine and dipyramidal use in cardiac imaging

A

Coronary steal -> occulded vessels that rely on collateral flow will become ischemic with admin of these drugs and then be found on imagining studies

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13
Q

Constrictive pericarditis findings

A

Increased JVP
Kussmaul sign
Pulsus peridoxus
Pericardial knock (constrictive ONLY)

First 3 can be either constrictive pericarditis OR restrictive cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

Rise in JVP with inspiration (normally a decrease)

Found in constrictive pericarditis OR restrictive cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

CD55 and CD95 neg

Can’t defend against normal complement

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16
Q

Plumber-vinson syndrome

A

Esophageal webs
Dysphagia
Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

CD14 marker

A

Monocyte/macrophage lineage

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18
Q

Li-Fraumini cancers and mutation

A

Breast, Brain, Adrenal, Sarcoma, Leukemia

TP53

Li Always Buys Such Bad toilet paper (TP)
but
Von Has Perfect Cleanliness

VHL: CC renal, pheo, hemangioblastomas

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19
Q

Multiple myeloma consequences

A

A CRAB

Anemia
hyperCalcemia
Renal (Bence Jones proteinuria)
Amyloidosis
Bone lytic lesions/Back pain
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20
Q

Spherocytosis surface proteins and CBC finding

A

Ankyrin
Band 3
Spectrin

Increased MCHC

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21
Q

Serum PTH and calcium findings in osteoporosis

A

NORMAL

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22
Q

What medication should be used to prevent coronary vasospasm in the first days following subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine (Ca++ channel blocker)

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23
Q

Aplastic anemia

A 
Drugs (chloramphenicol)
Alkylating agents
Viral (parvo B19)
Fanconi anemia
Idiopathic

Retics down
EPO up

24
Q

Conjugated hereditary hyperbilirubinemias

A

Dubin-Johnson - black liver
Rotor syndrome - no black liver

Benign and fine

25
Q

Unconjugated hereditary hyperbilirubinemias

A 
Gilbert - no biggie
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Type 1: severe, jaundice, kernicterus
     Tx. plasmapheresis and phototherapy
Type 2: less severe, phenobarb tx
26
Q

Intravascular vs
Extravascular vs
Intrinsic anemia vs
Extrinsic anemia

A

Intravascular hemolysis: blood cell is being destroyed out in the vessels

Extravascular hemolysis: cleared by the RE system (spleen)

Intrinsic anemia: something wrong with RBC (can be intra/extravacular)

Extrinsic anemia: something wrong with serum

27
Q

ALL age group and markers

A

Children (Down syndrome >5yrs)
B-ALL: TdT, CD10, CD19
T-ALL: TdT, CD2-8

12;21 -> good prognosis
9;22 -> poor prognosis (yes, same as CML)

28
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Hypotension

Cardiac tamponade

29
Q

Valve status in strep vir. vs. staph aur.

A

Strep vir usually requires MVP/pre-existing fibrin

Staph aur can just do it

30
Q

Aortic aneurysm pathogenesis

A

TAA: cystic medial degeneration, Marfans
AAA: transmural inflammation, atherosclerosis, smoker

31
Q

Jugular venous tracing

A

ACV, XY

A wave = Atrial contraction
C wave = rvh Contraction
V wave = Villing against close Valve

X descent = relaXation, tricuspid displacement (absent in tri regurg)
Y descent = emptYing. Prominent in constrictive Pericarditis, Absent in tAmponade

32
Q

Pathogenesis of PAH

A

vascular smooth muscle proliferation

33
Q

Group D strep: strep gallolytiucs warrants what work up?

A

Colonic malignancy

Colonoscopy

34
Q

Post MI histology

A 
0-4 hours: normal
4 hours to 1 day: coag necrosis
1 day to 3 days: neuts
4 days to 1 week: macs
1 week to 1 month: granulation tissue/fibroblast/collagen
>1 month: white scar, fibrosis
35
Q

Post MI complications

A

0-4hr: shock
0-4days: arrhythmia, vfib
4-7days: papillary muscle->septal->free wall (increase with time)
Late: Aneurysm, Dressler

36
Q

Pathogenesis of HUS/TTP

A

Toxin inhibits platelet function -> microthrombi

RBC’s lysis and shistocytes

37
Q

Carcinoid heart disease

A

Dense fibrous deposits especially around valve

Right heart most affected

38
Q

Clonidine mech of action

A

a2 agonist (inhibit an inhibitor centrally)
Decrease SVR
Decrease HR

No reflex, all central

39
Q

Alpha-1 antagonist drugs

A

Doxazosin

Terazosin

40
Q

Lymphangiosarcoma risk factor and associated condition

A

Persistent lymphedema

10 years post-masectomy

41
Q

Temporal arteritis vs Takayasu arteritis

A

Both: granulomatous at branch points

Temporal: branches of carotid artery
Takayasu: aortic arch branches (pulseless dz)

42
Q

Drug of choice for stable angina to decrease cardiac events? What if they can’t tolerate?

A

Aspirin

Move to antiplatelet (clopidogrel)

43
Q

Hairy cell leukemia

A

TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase)
Pancytopenia
Dry Tap

44
Q

Abdominal mass with HIGH mitotic rate

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Starry sky appearance

45
Q

Blistering porphyria

A 
Porphyria cutanea tardia
Uro decarboxylase (UROD)

U Decarb on the PCT

46
Q

Painful abdomen, port wine urine, psych porphyria

A

Acute intermittent porphyria
Prophobilinogen deaminase

Poor damn heme

47
Q

Sideroblastic vs. lead poisoning enzymes

A

Sideroblastic = deltaALA-Synthase

Lead tox = Ferrochelatase and deltaALA-DH

48
Q

JAK2 diseases and type of receptor

A

INTRACELLULAR tyrosine kinase
PV
ET
Myelofibrosis

JAK is My P ET

49
Q

How do you make an S3 louder?

A

Bell over apex
Left lateral decubits
Listen at end expiration (closer to wall)

50
Q

Recent intravascular procedure and signs of ischemia/livedo reticularis?

A

Cholesterol emboli dislodged from artery wall with catheterization
Most often affects kidney but also GI, CNS, and skin

Light microscopy shows needle shaped cholesterol clefts in the thrombus

51
Q

Main mech of anti-anginal therapy?

A

Decreased myocardial O2 demand (nitro)
Decreased LV EDV
Usually, arterioles are already max dilated

52
Q

Cardiac conduction speeds

A

Park At Venture Avenue

Purjinke, Atrial muscle, Ventricular muscle, AV node

53
Q

Vessels most at risk for atherosclerosis?

A

Large, elastic arteries:

Aorta > coronary artery > p > carotid

54
Q

Dopamine use as a cardiac drug?

A

Low dose -> stimulates kidney D1 receptors to increase GFR

Higher dose -> stimulates ß1 on cardiac tissue and renin receptors on kideny

Higher still -> stimulates a1 for vasoconstriction

Drug app: fenoldopam

55
Q

Magic angina obstruction %?

A

75%

56
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis and implications?

A 
Trosseau sign
Visceral cancer (pancreas, colon, lung)
57
Q

Lowest O2 content in the body?

A

Coronary sinus (cardiac muscle real good at gettin’ that O2 out)

STEP 1 (11 decks)

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