Cardio Exam Flashcards
Normal respiratory rate
12-20
What is eupenia
Regular breathing, 12-20
What is tachypnea
Rapid breathing above 25
What is bradypnea
Slow breathing below 12
What is hyperpnea
Deep breathing above 20
What is hypopnea
Abnormally shallow breathing
What is kusmaul breathing?
Deep, rapid breathing, associated with metabolic acidosis
What is Cheyne-stokes breathing?
Regular breathing with intervals of apnea, followed by crescendo/descrendo
What is biot
Irregular breathing breathing with varied depth, interrupted by irregular intervals of apnea
What is air trapping?
Difficulty getting breath out
What is ataxic?
Disorganization with irregular and varying depths of respirations
Where does the trachea deviate during a pneumothorax
Away from the pneumothorax
Where does the trachea deviate during atelactasis
Towards the affected side
What special tests do you do for respiratory exam
Bronchophony
Whispered pectoriloquy
Egophony
What is bronchophony?
Auscultation while patient repeats 99
Normal=Muffled sound
Abnormal= clear sound
What is whispered pectoriloquy
Patient head turned away, whispers ABC or 123
Normal= nothing heard
Abnormal= whisper can be heard
What is egophony
Patient states E during exam
Normal= E is heard
Abnormal= sounds like A
What does positive findings during the special tests indicate?
Consolidation of mass or fluid
What are the normal breath sounds?
Vesicular
Bronchovesicular
Bronchotrachial
What is vesicular sounds?
Low pitch and intensity and occur over healthy lung tissue
Heard all around
What is bronchivesicular sounds
Moderate pitch and intensity and occur over major bronchi
Heard between nipples
What is bronchotrachial sounds
Highest pitch and intensity occur over the trachea
Heard between the nipples
What are the 7 characteristics of the chest you’re inspecting?
Size and shape
Symmetry
Coastal angles, angle of ribs and intercostal spaces
Color of skin (cyanosis/pallor)
Supernumerary nipples
Superficial venous patterns
Prominence of ribs
What are the adventitious breath sounds
Wheezing
Rales
Rhonchi
Friction rubs
Describe crackles
Heard during inspiration
Can be high pitched and sibilant
Can be low pitched and sonorous
Describe rhonchi
More pronounced during exhalation
More prolonged and continuous
Sounds deeper and more rumbling when compared to crackles
Describe wheezing
Heard during inhalation and exhalation
Continuous and high pitched
Musical and whistle like
Describe friction rub
Heard during inhalation and exhalation
Sounds like dry crackling, grating, pitch sound
