CARDIO DRUGS Flashcards by Lady Barbeque

Make heart beat slower but stronger
+ Improve pumping ability of heart
+ Increase force of heart’s contraction
+ Decrease rate of contraction
+ Increases cardiac output

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

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Digoxin
Digitoxin

USED FOR?

Congestive Heart Failure
Atrial flutter, Atrial fibrillation

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CI FOR CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Second and third degree heart block

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Vision changes in client w too much digoxin

yellow-green halos

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Before giving glycosides, check apical pulse and heart rhythm. Report if

<60 bpm (adult)
<90 bpm (infants)

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Therapeutic range of DIGOZXIN

0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL

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Antidote for Digoxin tocicity

DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB (Digibind)

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Daily weights: Report increase of?

2 pounds

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Dilate peripheral blood vessels
+ Prevent hypertension

ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES

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Captopril
Enalapril

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I)

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Losartan
Telmisartan
Irbesartan

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

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Verapamil
Diltiazem

Nifedipine
Nicardipine

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)

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Hydralazine hydrochloride
Reserpine
Prazosin hydrochloride
Methyldopa
Clonidine

OTHERS

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Encourage intake of foods high in

Vitamin B

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___ is able to break down clots

Plasmin

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Binds with plasminogen to dissolve thrombi (clots) in coronary arteries

THROMBOLYTICS

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Streptokinase
Urokinase

THROMBOLYTICS

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THROMBOLYTICS used for

MI, DVT, Pulmonary emboli

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3 things to monitor of thrombolytics administration

bleeding times, coagulation studies, allergic reactions

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Antidote for thrombolytics

Aminocaproic acid

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Lower LDL levels by reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and/or triglycerides

ANTI-LIPIDEMIC

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Atorvastatin
Simvastatin

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

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Colestipol
Cholestyramine

Bile Acid Sequestrants

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2 things to monitor on anti-lipidemic administration

cholesterol levels,
liver function test

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____ and ____ will be necessary during treatment

blood work + eye exams

Recommended diet for hypercholesterolemia

low cholesterol; high-fiber

Dilate arterioles which lowers peripheral vascular resistance (afterload)

ANTI-ANGINALS

Nitroglycerin Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate used for?

ANGINA

Sublingual Medications MUST: 1. 2.

Offer sips of water before giving. (dryness may inhibit absorption) Instruct to put under the tongue and leave until fully dissolved

Translingual Medications (tongue spray) MUST: 1. 2.

Instruct the client to spray directly against the oral mucosa. Avoid inhaling the spray.

Transmucosal-Buccal Medications MUST: 1.

Instruct the client to put between the upper lip and gum or in the buccal area between the cheek and gum.

Transdermal Patch MUST: 1. 2.

Instruct the client to apply the patch over a hairless area, using a new patch and a different site each day. Instruct the client to remove the patch after 12-14 hours, allowing 10-12 "patch-free" hours to avoid tolerance

Topical Ointments MUST: 1. 2.

Instruct the client to remove the ointment on the skin from the previous dose Avoid hairy areas. Cover with plastic wrap. Rotate sites.

NITRATES are administered every ___ but not more than ___ tablets

5 minutes; 3

Replace drug approximately every

6 mos

Inhibit sympathetic stimulation of beta-receptors in the heart + Decrease heart rate and force of myocardial contraction

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

Propranolol Metoprolol Nadolol Timolol Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol Pindolol Penbutolol

Reduces frequency and severity of acute anginal attacks, dysrhythmias

Weigh daily. Report weight gain of

5 lbs or greater

Prevent the movement of extracellular calcium into the cell resulting in coronary and peripheral artery dilation

Calcium-Channel Blockers

Calcium-Channel Blockers USES

Stable angina Dysrhythmias Hypertension

Verapamil Nifedipine Diltiazem Nicardipine Felodipine

Calcium-Channel Blockers

Dopamine & Dobutamine USES

hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock

Epinephrine USES

anaphylactic shock

Inotrope

Increases cardiac contractility

Chronotrope

Increases heart rate

Dromotrope

Increases AV conduction

Disrupt the blood coagulation process + Thereby suppressing the production of fibrin

ANTICOAGULANTS

Heparin Warfarin

Anti-coags

ANTICOAGULANTS USES

Pulmonary embolism, DVT, MI, A-Fib

Heparin: Monitor ___ Therapeutic levels:

aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) 1.5 to 2.5 (25 to 38 seconds)

Parenteral (SQ) Coumadin/Warfarin: Monitor ____ Therapeutic levels INR:

PT (Prothrombin time) INR: 2.0 to 3.0

ANTIDOTES Heparin: Warfarin: Vitamin K

Protamine sulfate Vitamin K

Report any signs of

BLEEDING

Prevent abnormal heart rhythms

ANTI-DYSRHYTMICS

Quinidine Procainamide Lidocaine Flecainide

Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers)

Acebutolol Propranolol Esmolol

Class II (Beta Blockers)

Bretylium Amiodarone

Class III (Conduction Delayers)

Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine

Class IV (Calcium – channel Blockers)

Treat abnormalities in cardiac rate and rhythm

ANTI-DYSRHYTMICS

BEST to monitor for dysrhythmias

ECG