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Pre Reg > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Step 2 hypertension

A

Over 55 and Afro Caribbean - CCB or thiazide

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2
Q

Heart failure combination - 1st line

A

ACE + BB

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3
Q

Cholestyramine mechanism of action

A

Bile acid sequestration which binds to bile acids and promotes hepatic conversion into bile acids.

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4
Q

Cholestyramine counselling points

A

Other drugs should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after bile acid sequestrants.

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5
Q

What antifungal does simvastatin interact with?

A

Miconazole

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6
Q

Which antiarrythmic drug does simvastatin interact with?

A

amiodarone - so atorvastatin would be 1st line instead

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7
Q

normal triglyceride level

A

<1.8mmol/l. fenofibrate to be added if statin does not lower to normal range

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8
Q

what to prescribe if someone has tried two statins

A

colestyramine

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9
Q

what would you prescribe if qrisk is 15%

A

atorvastatin 20mg

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10
Q

would you stop simvastatin during pregnancy

A

yes

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11
Q

which macrolide does simvastatin interact with

A

clarithromycin

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12
Q

colestipol counselling point

A

other medicines to be taken 1 hr before/4hrs after

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13
Q

can bumetanide/furosemide be taken in the evening

A

no

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14
Q

which is more potent - bumetanide or furosemide?

A

bumetanide so give if pt is resistant to furosemide

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15
Q

furosemide electrolyte disturbance

A

hypokalaemia

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16
Q

hypokalaemia signs

A

fatigue, weakness, tiredness

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17
Q

salbutamol and furosemide can cause…

A

hypokalaemia

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18
Q

amisulpiride and furosemide can cause…

A

ventricular arrhythmias

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19
Q

inr 8.3, withheld now gums bleeding

A

give phytomenadione

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20
Q

high inr means…

A

blood is not clotting

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21
Q

should diet change with warfarin

A

no

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22
Q

what do you do if inr is high

A

stop warfarin for 1 day then return to usual 5mg warfarin od recheck inr in 7 days

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23
Q

warfarin in end of stage renal causes…

A

a rash

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24
Q

what is the inr target for af pts

A

2.5

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25
Q

tranexamic acid age

A

18+

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26
Q

maximum number of days tranexamic acid can be used

A

4

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27
Q

which drug is given just before pci

A

prasugrel

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28
Q

action required if nstemi pt is taking nifedipine

A

continue and refer to gp

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29
Q

positive d-dimer results means…

A

LMWH is needed

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30
Q

which class has a lower risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

A

LMWH

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31
Q

list the LMWH

A

enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin

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32
Q

35 yr old in third trimester with PE, crcl 84…

A

enoxaparin inj 80mg SC BD

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33
Q

enoxaparin side effect…

A

thrombocytopenia

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34
Q

how long is enoxaparin contraindicated for in a stroke

A

2 months

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35
Q

factor xa inhibitors/doacs list

A

apixaban, rivaroxaban

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36
Q

what do you give to someone who travels a lot to prevent a dvt

A

rivaroxaban

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37
Q

which drug do you stop and start after a tia/af

A

stop clopidogrel, start rivaroxaban

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38
Q

dose of rivaroxaban for nstemi and they’re taking aspirin

A

rivaroxaban 2.5mg bd for 12 months

39
Q

tx and dose of dvt/pe

A

rivaroxaban 15mg bd for first 3 weeks then 20mg od for 3 months, if crcl is 15-49 15mg od

40
Q

Prophylaxis of stroke with AF and one other risk factor (drug&dose)

A

rivaroxaban 20mg od/apixaban

41
Q

5 apixaban tests

A

body weight, creatinine, u&e, lfts, fbc

42
Q

initial ischaemic stroke tx and dose

A

aspirin 300mg od for 2 weeks and antiplatelet

43
Q

aspirin 6 overdose symptoms

A

hyperventilation, vomiting, tinnitus, deafness, sweating, metabolic acidosis

44
Q

what does not increase risk of haemorrhage with dabigatran

A

obesity

45
Q

which hyper does amiodarone cause and name symptoms

A

hyperthyroidism - palpitations, sweating, irritable, weight loss, tired

46
Q

what should you wear with amiodarone

A

suncream

47
Q

three word symptom caused by amiodarone

A

toxic epidermal necrolysis

48
Q

amiodarone tests

A

chest xray, tfts, lfts, potassium

49
Q

which test can amiodarone increase

A

inr

50
Q

which ccb does amiodarone interact with and what does it cause

A

diltiazem and bradycardia

51
Q

which antipsychotic does amiodarone interact with and what does it cause

A

quetiapine and qt prolongation

52
Q

afro Caribbean htn and type 2 diabetes

A

CCB and ACEi

53
Q

which ccb needs to be the same brand

A

diltiazem

54
Q

which ccb causes ankle swelling and oedema

A

amlodipine

55
Q

which ccbs should not be used with bb

A

verapamil and diltiazem

56
Q

which thiazide won’t work for egfr less than 30

A

bendroflumethazide

57
Q

bendroflumethazide side effects

A

gout, hyperglycaemia, lithium toxicity, hypokalaemia

58
Q

two things chlorothiazide can increase and two side efffects

A

urate and glucose, joint pain and swelling

59
Q

As well as htn spironolactone treats…

A

ascites

60
Q

spironolactone side effects

A

moobs and hyperkalaemia

61
Q

which electrolyte disturbance is caused by digoxin

A

hypokalaemia

62
Q

which score is used for AF

A

chadvasc

63
Q

what is the htn target for diabetics?

A

130/80

64
Q

which lab test do you check for a cvd?

A

c-reactive protein

65
Q

if you took digoxin and indapamide together it can cause…

A

hypokalaemia

66
Q

what should you do if a pt has had a recent fall and hypotension and they take ramipril?

A

change ramipril

67
Q

what should you do if a pt has high levels of creatinine and takes ramipril?

A

stop ramipril immediately

68
Q

frequency of pancreatitis with lisinopril

A

<0.01%

69
Q

what would happen if you drank alcohol with ACEi and doxazosin?

A

faint

70
Q

what would happen if you took digoxin and bisoprolol?

A

bradycardia

71
Q

tx for heart failure

A

ace and bisoprolol

72
Q

beta blockers exacerbate…

A

asthma

73
Q

side effect of propanalol

A

fatigue

74
Q

bbs are contraindicated in…

A

severe peripheral vascular/arterial disease

75
Q

propanalol and adrenaline can cause…

A

bradycardia

76
Q

which antihypertensive is least likely to cause mouth ulcers?

A

bbs

77
Q

which two electrolyte disturbance is caused by bb and the se associated?

A

hypo/hyperglycaemia - tingly

78
Q

se of carvedilol and overdose symptom

A

anaemia and cardiac arrest

79
Q

do you need to adjust carvedilol in renal impairment?

A

no

80
Q

which alpha blocker enhances carvedilol

A

doxazosin

81
Q

nitrates interact with

A

sildenafil and tadalafil

82
Q

action to be taken if isosorbide mononitrate increased from 40 bd to 60 bd

A

discuss with gp meds need to be reviewed

83
Q

how long does gtn effect last

A

20-30 mins

84
Q

apixaban indications

A

dvt
pe
prophylaxis of stroke and non-valvular AF

85
Q

gtn indications

A

angina
congestive HF
anal fissure

86
Q

spironolactone and ramipril causes…

A

hyperkalaemia

87
Q

which test should be conducted if myopathy with atorvastatin

A

creatinine kinase

88
Q

how many compressions and rescue breaths

A

30 and 2

89
Q

1st line for AF

A

BB except sotalol

90
Q

dabigatran counselling point

A

same time each day

91
Q

what to report - pt taking theophylline for first time

A

vomiting and palpitations

92
Q

typical symptoms of toxicity

A

nausea and vomiting

93
Q

dabigatran mechanism of action

A

thrombin inhibitor

94
Q

rate control tx for af

A

bb(not soltatol) or verapamil/diltiazem

Pre Reg (17 decks)

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