Cardio Flashcards
bulbus cordis gives rise to
smooth part (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
primitive ventricle gives rise to
trabeculated part of left and right ventricles
primitive atria gives rise to
trabeculated left and right atria
left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
coronary sinus
right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
smooth part of right atrium
right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to
SVC
neural crest migration pathology
transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral)
tetralogy of fallot
persistent TA
membranous interventricular septum formation
AP septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum
what separates atria from ventricles
endocardial cushions (contributes to membranous portion of interventricular septum)
umbilical vein derivative
ligamentum teres hepatis (in falciform ligament)
umbilical arteries derivative
medial umbilical ligaments
allantois derivative
urachus-median umbilical ligament
notochord derivative
nucleus pulposus
drainage of urine through umbilicus
drainage of urine through umbilicus
what can become dilated secondary to RA dilation
coronary sinus
SA and AV node blood supply
RCA
enlargement can cause dysphagia or hoarseness
LA
transesophageal echo diagnosis
LA enlargement, aortic dissection, thoracic aortic aneurysm
selective vasodilators of coronary vessels
adenosine and dipyridamole
what is SV affected by
SV CAP
contractility, afterload, preload
what is responsible for most TPR
arterioles
period of highest O2 consumption
isovolumetric contraction (between mitral valve closure and aortic valve opening)
what is S3 associated with
mitral regurgitation, CHF, dilated ventricles
normal in children and pregnant women
wide splitting
pulmonic stenosis, right bundle branch block
fixed splitting
ASD
paradoxical splitting
aortic stenosis, left bundle branch block,
on inspiration, P2 moves closer to A2
which murmurs does valsalva increase
MVP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
shorter A-OS interval in mitral stenosis
more stenosed
heart murmur often due to congenital rubella
PDA
diffrence between phase 0 of ventricular AP and pacemaker AP
ventricular: Na channels open, pacemaker: Ca channels open (fast Na channels are permanently inactivated)
normal PR interval
<200msec
normal QRS interval
<120msec
U wave causes
hypokalemia, bradycardia
speed of conduction
purkinje>atria>ventricles>AV node
torsades de pointes presentation and treatment
ventricular tachycardia
magnesium sulfate
can present with severe congenital ensorineural deafness (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome)
congenital long QT syndromes
most often due to defects in cardiac Na or K channels
unprovoked syncope in a healthy person
no discrete P waves
atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter treatment
conversion to sinus rhythm: IA, IC, III
rate control: beta blocker, Ca channel blocker
what can result in 3rd degree heart block?
lyme disease
ANP
decrease Na reabsorption at medullary collecting tubules
constricts efferent and dilates afferent renal arterioles
most common spot for aortic rupture
aortic isthmus (distalto left subclavian artery) most commonly due to MVA
what does tricuspid atresia require for viability
ASD and VSD
what is total anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with
ASD
what is the cause of tetralogy of fallot?
anterosuperior displacement of infundibular septum
boot-shaped heart on X-ray
what is coarctation of aorta infantile type associates with?
turner syndrome, PDA
what is coarctation of aorta adult type associated with?
bicuspid aortic valve
late cyanosis in lower extremities
PDA (derived from 6th aortic arch)
22q11 syndromes
truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot
malignant hypertension presentation
acute end-organ damage
onion-skin arteriolosclerosis
flea-bitten kidney
