Cardio Flashcards
13 key symptoms
Chest pain, SOB, orthopnoea, PND, cough/sputum/haemopysis, ankle swelling, palpitations, dizziness, light-headedness, syncope/presyncope, nausea/sweating, claudication, systemic symptoms (weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, fever)
8 risk factors for IHD
Age, male gender, family history, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, physical inactivity/obesity
4 ass. symptoms chest pain
Sweating, nausea, palpitations, SOB
3 eg. alleviating factors chest pain
Rest, oxygen, medication (Eg. GTN)
7 eg. exacerbating factors chest pain
Exercise, excitement, stress, heavy meals, cold weather, smoking, lying flat (decubitus angina secondary to L heart failure)
3 characteristics chest pain against cardiac ischaemia as cause
‘Knife like’, sharp/stabbing, aggravated by respiration
Dyspnoea associated symptoms (8)
Nausea, vomiting, cough, sputum (watery/frothy? blood tinged?), pain, ankle swelling, nocturnal micturition, rapid weight gain (oedema), resp questions
Exercise tolerance questions (5)
How far can you walk on flat? What makes you stop? SOB when walking up hills/stairs? Discomfort/tightness in chest when walking? Is it getting worse suddenly/gradually?
Palpitation questions (5)
Provocation? Build up or start suddenly? Duration? Other symptoms? Tap rhythm?
PMH questions (13) PASTD HH CRAMPS
Similar episodes, previous diagnoses, cardiac surgery, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, anaemia, angina, MI, PVD, TIA, cardiac failure, rheumatic fever
Drug history (4)
Antihypertensives, cardiac drugs, cardiac side effects (eg. steroids), over-counter (asprin/NSAID)
Cardiac effect of corticosteroids?
Hypertension and fluid retention
4 drugs which cause sinus tachycardia?
Salbutamol, nifedipine, theophyline, thyroxine
Cardiac disease caused by excess alcohol?
AF, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, tachycardia
Family history?
IHD/CVA before age 65
