cardio Flashcards
most common cardiomyopathy
dilated
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
???, etoh, chf
causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
fibrosis
poor filling is what type of cardiomyopathy
restrictive
poor pumping is what type of cardiomyopathy
dilated
how do you treat HCM
bb, CCB, surgery, PPM
hypertensive urgency: BP is ___
185/110
hypertensive emergency: BP is___
220/120
hypertensive urgency: reduce within what time frame
reduce by 25% in 1-2 days PO
hypertensive emergency: reduce within what time frame
reduce by 10% in 1h, then 15% next 2-3h IV
what other electrolyte drops with diuretics
K
will a thiazide increase or decrease Ca
decrease (can use to tx kidney stones)
examples of thiazides
HCTZ, chlorthalidone
will thiazides increase or decrease Mg
decrease
will thiazides increase or decrease uric acid
increase
will thiazides increase or decrease glucose
increase
examples of loop diuretics
furosemide, ethycrinic acid
do loops or thiazides cause ototoxicity
loops
which 2 ccb are NDHPs?
verapamil, diltiazem - work more on cardiac tissue
which 2 ccb are DHPs?
amlodopine, nifidepine - work more peripherally
name 2 centrally acting HTN meds
clonidine, methyldopa
name 3 arteriolar dilators
nitroprusside, hydralazine, minoxidil
when do you use arteriolar dilators
hypertensive emergencies
what HTN med is used to treat hair loss in men
minoxidil (this is the same as rogaine)
Major Duke criteria
- blood culture
2. + echo
what are the major duke criteria blood cultures
strep viridans, strep bovis, staph aureus, enterococcus, HACEK (haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikinella, kingella)
what are the minor Duke criteria?
- fever
- predisposing factor
- embolic event
- immunologic event
- blood culture that doesn’t meet major criteria
but like how do you use the duke criteria to dx endocarditis
- 2 major criteria
- 1 major criteria + 3 minor
- 5 minor criteria
for how long do you treat endocarditis with abx
4-6 weeks, IV wowza
endless endocarditis
what do you call pericarditis that occurs after an MI
Dressler syndrome
what 4 conditions in a test question should point you toward a pericardial effusion or tamponade
pericarditis*
myxedema
CHF
trauma
hypotension, neck vein distention, distant heart sounds = ?
Becks triad of pericardial tamponade
cxr buzz word findings of pericardial tamponade
water bottle heart
ekg buzzword findings of pericardial tamponade
low QRS voltages or ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS***
during a cardiac stress test, an ST depression of ___mm is a positive test
1
STE in leads II, III, avF
inferior
STE in leads v1 and v2
septal
STE in leads v2-v4
anterior
STE in leads v1-v4
posterior OR anteroseptal
leads I, avL, v5 and v6
lateral
“door to balloon” time for PCI in heart attacks is how many minutes
90 mins
Kussmauls sign/increased jvp with inspiration makes you think what 2 dx
constrictive pericarditis
pericardial tamponade
pericardial knock
constrictive pericarditis
pericardial thickening + calcifications
constrictive pericarditis
1yo w. viral illness then s/s of HF
myocarditis
Jones major and minor
major: polyarthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subq nodules.
minor: fever, arthralgias, inc esr/crp, inc PRI
+ PAD if the ABI shows a ratio less than ___
0.90
PAD vs. PVD: worse with sitting, brownish skin, normal pulse, normal temp, + edema
PVD
PAD vs. PVD: worse w walking, shiny skin, decreased pulse, cool, no edema
PAD
when is an AAA (non ruptured) an emergency
> 5.5cm or growth of 0.5cm in 6 months
wtf even is thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz
inflammation of small and medium vessels
any young patient, esp a male smoker, with claudication you should think this disease
thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz
if there is a pt with MIGRATORY phlebitis, it is going to be one of two things: what are they
vasculitis
malignancy
what wells score makes you get a DDIMER
<1
what wells score makes you get an US
> 2
how long do you anticoag a first DVT for
3-6mo
how long do you anticoag a recurrent DVT for
12 mo maybe life
hypovolemic shock, e.g. hemorrhage, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?
IV crystalloids, aggressive
cardiogenic shock, e.g. MI, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?
isotonic, SMALL amounts and SLOWLY
obstructive shock is caused by what types of events
like PE, PTX
distributive shock is what 3 types of shock
anaphylaxis, septic, neurogenic
