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001 PANCE > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

most common cardiomyopathy

A

dilated

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2
Q

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

???, etoh, chf

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3
Q

causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

fibrosis

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4
Q

poor filling is what type of cardiomyopathy

A

restrictive

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5
Q

poor pumping is what type of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated

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6
Q

how do you treat HCM

A

bb, CCB, surgery, PPM

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7
Q

hypertensive urgency: BP is ___

A

185/110

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8
Q

hypertensive emergency: BP is___

A

220/120

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9
Q

hypertensive urgency: reduce within what time frame

A

reduce by 25% in 1-2 days PO

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10
Q

hypertensive emergency: reduce within what time frame

A

reduce by 10% in 1h, then 15% next 2-3h IV

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11
Q

what other electrolyte drops with diuretics

A

K

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12
Q

will a thiazide increase or decrease Ca

A

decrease (can use to tx kidney stones)

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13
Q

examples of thiazides

A

HCTZ, chlorthalidone

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14
Q

will thiazides increase or decrease Mg

A

decrease

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15
Q

will thiazides increase or decrease uric acid

A

increase

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16
Q

will thiazides increase or decrease glucose

A

increase

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17
Q

examples of loop diuretics

A

furosemide, ethycrinic acid

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18
Q

do loops or thiazides cause ototoxicity

A

loops

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19
Q

which 2 ccb are NDHPs?

A

verapamil, diltiazem - work more on cardiac tissue

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20
Q

which 2 ccb are DHPs?

A

amlodopine, nifidepine - work more peripherally

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21
Q

name 2 centrally acting HTN meds

A

clonidine, methyldopa

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22
Q

name 3 arteriolar dilators

A

nitroprusside, hydralazine, minoxidil

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23
Q

when do you use arteriolar dilators

A

hypertensive emergencies

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24
Q

what HTN med is used to treat hair loss in men

A

minoxidil (this is the same as rogaine)

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25
Q

Major Duke criteria

A
    • blood culture

2. + echo

26
Q

what are the major duke criteria blood cultures

A

strep viridans, strep bovis, staph aureus, enterococcus, HACEK (haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikinella, kingella)

27
Q

what are the minor Duke criteria?

A
  1. fever
  2. predisposing factor
  3. embolic event
  4. immunologic event
  5. blood culture that doesn’t meet major criteria
28
Q

but like how do you use the duke criteria to dx endocarditis

A
  • 2 major criteria
  • 1 major criteria + 3 minor
  • 5 minor criteria
29
Q

for how long do you treat endocarditis with abx

A

4-6 weeks, IV wowza

endless endocarditis

30
Q

what do you call pericarditis that occurs after an MI

A

Dressler syndrome

31
Q

what 4 conditions in a test question should point you toward a pericardial effusion or tamponade

A

pericarditis*
myxedema
CHF
trauma

32
Q

hypotension, neck vein distention, distant heart sounds = ?

A

Becks triad of pericardial tamponade

33
Q

cxr buzz word findings of pericardial tamponade

A

water bottle heart

34
Q

ekg buzzword findings of pericardial tamponade

A

low QRS voltages or ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS***

35
Q

during a cardiac stress test, an ST depression of ___mm is a positive test

A

1

36
Q

STE in leads II, III, avF

A

inferior

37
Q

STE in leads v1 and v2

A

septal

38
Q

STE in leads v2-v4

A

anterior

39
Q

STE in leads v1-v4

A

posterior OR anteroseptal

40
Q

leads I, avL, v5 and v6

A

lateral

41
Q

“door to balloon” time for PCI in heart attacks is how many minutes

A

90 mins

42
Q

Kussmauls sign/increased jvp with inspiration makes you think what 2 dx

A

constrictive pericarditis

pericardial tamponade

43
Q

pericardial knock

A

constrictive pericarditis

44
Q

pericardial thickening + calcifications

A

constrictive pericarditis

45
Q

1yo w. viral illness then s/s of HF

A

myocarditis

46
Q

Jones major and minor

A

major: polyarthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subq nodules.
minor: fever, arthralgias, inc esr/crp, inc PRI

47
Q

+ PAD if the ABI shows a ratio less than ___

A

0.90

48
Q

PAD vs. PVD: worse with sitting, brownish skin, normal pulse, normal temp, + edema

A

PVD

49
Q

PAD vs. PVD: worse w walking, shiny skin, decreased pulse, cool, no edema

A

PAD

50
Q

when is an AAA (non ruptured) an emergency

A

> 5.5cm or growth of 0.5cm in 6 months

51
Q

wtf even is thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz

A

inflammation of small and medium vessels

52
Q

any young patient, esp a male smoker, with claudication you should think this disease

A

thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz

53
Q

if there is a pt with MIGRATORY phlebitis, it is going to be one of two things: what are they

A

vasculitis

malignancy

54
Q

what wells score makes you get a DDIMER

A

<1

55
Q

what wells score makes you get an US

A

> 2

56
Q

how long do you anticoag a first DVT for

A

3-6mo

57
Q

how long do you anticoag a recurrent DVT for

A

12 mo maybe life

58
Q

hypovolemic shock, e.g. hemorrhage, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?

A

IV crystalloids, aggressive

59
Q

cardiogenic shock, e.g. MI, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?

A

isotonic, SMALL amounts and SLOWLY

60
Q

obstructive shock is caused by what types of events

A

like PE, PTX

61
Q

distributive shock is what 3 types of shock

A

anaphylaxis, septic, neurogenic

001 PANCE (13 decks)

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