Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE step 2 cardiology > cardio 6 > Flashcards

cardio 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Poor prognostic factor in systolic heart failure indicators?

A

Clinical, laboratory, ECG, ECG, and Ass. symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical?

A

Hypotension Resting tachycardia Low maximal o2 consumption S3 gallop Elevated JVP Moderate to severe MR High NYHA class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Laboratory?

A

Hyponatremia(indipedent prognostic indicator) High pro-BNP(a non-functional hormone secreted with VNP) level Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ECG?

A

Wide QRS(>120ms) left bundle branch block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ECHO?

A

Severe LV dysfunction Concomitant diastolic dysfunction Reduced right ventricular function Pulmonary HYTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Associated factor?

A

Anemia Atrial fibrilation DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

electrolyte abnormality in HF?

A

Hyponatremia Hyperkalimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hyponatremia mechanism and management?

A

Due to high ADH Treat with free water restriction Don’t give free salt unlike SIADH secretion-it will Exacerbate fluid retention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperkalemia mechanism and management?

A

Low distal Na delivery–Poor K excretion The loop diuretic will lower it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical future of MS?

A

SOCPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skeletal?

A

Archinoductly(spider finger) Decrease upper to lower body segment ratio Increase arm to length ratio Pectus deformity, scoliosis, and kyphosis Joint hypermotility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ocular?

A

Ectopia lentis(Upward and lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CVS?

A

Aortic regurgitation, dilation, and dissection MVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pulmonary?

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax from apical blub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Skin?

A

Recurrent incisional hernia Skin stria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How we differentiate the cause of AR based on the location of the murmur?

A

If due to aortic dilation -we hear on right 2nd ICS If due to valvular disease-we hear on left 3rd and 4th ICS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genetics of MS?

A

It is Autosomal dominant Defect in fibrillin 1 gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is holt ORAM disease?

A

Is ASD with upper extremity deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute decompesated HF managment clasification?

A

Patient with normal or elevated blood pressure and hypotension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patient with normal or elevated blood pressure?

A

Oxygen Agresive Diuretic treatment vasodilator(notroglycerine or nitropuriside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Patient with low blood pressure?

A

oxygen Diuretic as apropriate IV vasopressor (NE,Dobutamin..)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Role of nitrate?

A

Decrease preload –Decrease dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When a patient with normal LV function develops pulmonary edema?

A

When patient has High blood pressure Renal artery stenosis severe renal disease with volume overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ethology of aortic coarctation?

A

Congenital Acquired(rare)–Takayasu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
clinical manifestations(in post ductal/adult form0?
UB-well developed, HTN(Headache and epitaxis0 LB-Underdevelopment,claudication Brachiofemoral delay Blood pressure difference in U nad L ex. Left intercostal continuous or systolic murmur NB:In preductal there is other finding
26
ECG finding?
Left ventricular hypertrophy(high QRS, ST depression, and T wave inversion in the left precordial lead.
27
Echo?
Diagnostic confirmation(coarctaation mainley at distal segment)
28
CXR
inferior noching in 3-8 ribs 3-sign
29
treatment?
Balloon angioplasty +- stent Surgery
30
How to measure b/p
Bilateral in both extremity Upper on supine lower on pron position
31
Benifit of asprin in MI?
Reduce the rate of MI Decrease risk of strok Reduce mortality
32
When we give heparin in ACS suspicion?
when we have ECG confirmation
33
Walles criterion in PE?
3,1.5, and 1 score criterion \<=4--less likely \>4---high likely
34
3 point
-DVT -Other than PE is less likely
35
1.5
-Previous history of DVT -HR\>100 -Recent surgery or immobilization
36
1
-Hemoptisis -cancer
37
supraventricular tacycardia diagosis?
Regular(exept Af,AFl), narrow QRS, and high HR
38
Types of SVT?
sinus T AVNRT AVRT AFIB AFLU multifocal AT junctional T
39
symptom of SVT?
palpitation dizziness and lightheadedness syncope diaphoresis and SOB
40
Type of PSVT?
AVRT AVNRT Atrial tachycardia and junctional tachycardia
41
How to differentiate Type of SVT? done in the first step in hemodynamically stable patients.
Vegal maneuver or adenosine--slow AV conduction
42
Effect in node dependent T(AVRT and AVNRT)
terminate arrhythmia
43
Effect in AFLU and atrial tachycardia?
slow conduction--unmask hidden p wave
44
supra ventricular ECG future?
Narrow QRS Absent P wave(masked in QRS) Retrograde p wave
45
Retrograde p wave location?
Before QRS After QRS at the apex of QRS
46
Risk factors for SVT?
Age. Coronary artery disease Congenital heart disease. Thyroid problems. Drugs and supplements. cough and cold medicines Anxiety or emotional stress Physical fatigue Diabetes. Obstructive sleep apnea. Nicotine and illegal drug use.
47
When we consider isolated ambulatory hypertension?
When a patient has normal blood pressure but has hypertension-related complication signs snd symptoms.
48
IAH (masked hypertension) diagnosis?
By ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
49
How ABPM did
First morning 2x and evening 3x record of elevated blood pressure monitoring.--If abnormality detected do 24 hr continuous B/P monitoring IF B/P \>135\>85 diagnos HTN
50
How do we manage pulseless electrical activity?
If SVT is like AF--consider it as asystole, so DO CPR and give vasopressor first then use a defibrillator if you find shockable waves. If VT--Do defibrillation
51
What is the D/C between defibrillation and Synchronized cardioversion?
three
52
Defibrillator?
Give just energy to heart electrical activity without synchronization to QRS complex. Used for VT(with asystole also) Used for SCA with VF Not used for PEA until you get shockable wave
53
SCV?
used in persistent symptomatic or hemodynamic unstable patients with VTAC and SVT with rapid ventricular response synchronized to QRS complex
54
epistaxis and cold symptom in cocaine?
Nasal usage and HTN. A patient may have a tremor
55
less common endocrine cause of 2ndary HYTN?
hypothyroidism a primary hyperparathyroidism
56
Renal venous pressure in HF?
Increase due to increase systemic pressure
57
Stent thrombosis cause?
Medication non adherence (Asprin and Clopidogril)
58
Duration post stent antithrombotic treatment
6-12 month(recapitalization occur afterward)
59
Cause of MS in western?
Age-related or radiation-induced
60
Diagnosis?
Early diastolic sound(OS) with mid-diastolic murmur Echo: high-velocity blood flow through the mitral valve
61
Management of MS?
Percutaneous valvotomy or surgery If have concomitant AF: warfarin
62
S/E latex found in glove and folly catheter?
anaphylaxis
63
c.menifestation of ventricular aneurysm?
Several weeks following MI Heart failure and angina ventricular arrhythmia Systemic embolization
64
Diagnosis?
ECG: Persistent ST elevation and Q wave ECHO: Thin dyskinetic ventricular wall
65
What is the specificity of the S3 gallop and its correlation?
99% correlated with left atrial with/out ventricular increment in pressure and BNP
66
What is specific for digoxin toxicity in ECG?
Atrial tachycardia with AV block(Toxicity) Below mentioned may not indicate toxicity 1-Downsloping ST depression 2-Flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves. 3-Shortened QT interval.
67
Is digoxin use other than HF?
Atrial fibrillation
68
Clinical presentation of vasospastic angina?
young patient \<50 smoking recurrent chest pain pain occurs in rest mainly at sleep resolve within 10-15 min
69
Diagnosis?
Ambulatory ECG---Transient ST elevation Coronary angiography--no NAD
70
TREATMENT
CCB(PREVENTIVE) NITRATE(abortive)
71
Stress-induced (Tocostubo) cardiomyopathy risk
Postmenopausal women Recent physical or emotional stress
72
Clinical manifestation?
Chest pain mimicking MI Heart failure Moderate troponin elevation ECG-Ischemia sign
73
Diagnosis?
Catheterization: No CAD ECHO: LV hypokinesis and basilar hyperkinesis
74
Pathophysiology of TC?
Caticolamin surge --vessel obstruction --myocardial stunning --- contractile dysfunction

USMLE step 2 cardiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions