cardio 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What Is AAA?

A

When the AA size more than 3 cm

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2
Q

Risk factor for formation and progression?

A

Age >60

Smoking (The strongest one)

Male sex

Hypertension

History of atherosclerotic disease

Connective Tissue disease

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3
Q

How smoking affects it?

A

Activate protease activity

Increase chronic inflammation

smooth muscle dysfunction

Cause for initiation and progression of the aneurysm

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4
Q

clinical presentation?

A

Mostly asymptomatic

Rapid expansion–Dull abdominal/back pain and distal embolization

Rapture–shock, back and Abd pain and flank hematoma

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5
Q

Indiction to repair

A

size more than 5.5 cm and rapid expansion >=1 cm per year growth symptomatic patient(as urgent for HS and emergency repair for HUS patients

If asymptomatic jut do lifestyle modification and smoking cessation

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6
Q

PAD diagnosis?

A

intermittent claudication with ABI<0.9

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7
Q

Management?

A

Risk modification

Antiplatelet

statin

Exercise (3/week-30-45 min/12 weeks)–goal is to follow symptom persistency

If the symptom persists–Do revascularization and cilostazol

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8
Q

S3 (V.gallop)?

A

Heard after S2 Normal in children, young adult, and pregnant abnormal-Age>40,HF,RCMP,High output state

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9
Q

S4 (A.gallop)?

A

Heard just before S1 Normal in healthy aged people Abnormal in Young adult, children, acute phase of MI and myocardial hypertrophy

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10
Q

What type of splitting can see in MI?

A

paradoxical

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11
Q

Pulses paradoxes?

A

Decrease SBP >10 during inspiration Can be seen in asthma, COPD, Hypovolemic shock, and constrictive pericarditis.

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12
Q

AR finding?

A

Early Diastolic, Decretiendo, Blowing murmur If due to valvular will be heard in left 3rd and 4th ICS

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13
Q

a normal systolic murmur in young adults?

A

mid systolic and not require further education

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14
Q

What is atrial premature beat(PAC)?

A

Premature atrial activation of atria other than SA node

An atrial premature beat is an extra heartbeat caused by electrical activation of the atria

Criterion. (normal QRS, Different looking P wave, and premature atrial activation(atrial activation before expected time)

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15
Q

Precipitating factor?

A

Smoking, caffeine, alcohol, and stress

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16
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Early P waves in ECG

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17
Q

Symptom?

A

skipped beat and Palpitation sometimes precede AF

18
Q

When echocardiography needed?

A

Occur in a patient without any precipitating factor?

19
Q

Management?

A

Beta-Blocker if persistent symptom. stop precipitating factor

20
Q

Cyanide toxicity symptom?

A

Altered MS, coma, seizure, and lactic acidosis

21
Q

Risk factors?

A

NP treatment(used for hypertension emergency) Renal insufficiency is a risk

22
Q

How we reduce severe hypertension?

A

Mean arterial reduction 10-20 % in first 1 hr then 5-10 % in next 23 hour.

23
Q

Stage of alcohol withdrawal?

A

mild withdrawal symptom, seizure, hallucination, and delirium tremens

24
Q

Mild withdrawal symptom?

A

6-12 Hr Intact orientation,anxiety,palpitation,GI symptom,insominia,treamer and diaphoresis

25
seizure
12-48
26
hallucination
12-48
27
Delirium Tremens?
48-96hr fever, tachycardia, Hytn, diaphoresis, confusion, agitation, and hallucination.
28
Symptom of cocaine toxicity?
S.H(hypertension, tachycardia, and dilated pupil) chest pain due to coronary vasoconstriction Psychomotor agitation and siezure
29
Complication?
Myocardial Infarction Intracranial hemorrhage Aortic Dissection Pulmonary infarction
30
Mgt?
manage ATP Benzodiazepine (for B/P and anxiety) Asprin(decrease thrombosis) Nitrogreceline and CCB(for pain)
31
C/I In managment?
Beta-blocker(exacerbate ischemia and fibrinolytic(increase ICH risk).
32
Viral myocarditis symptom?
Relatively young\<55 Viral prodrom Chest pain and symptom of heart failure heart failure SCD
33
Diagnosis
Echo(biventricular enlargement) with diffuse hypokinesis MRI-late enhancement of epicardium Biopsy:lymphocyic infiltration ECG--not specific
34
management.
Medication(ACE,BB and diuretic) Temporary assisting device transplant if not help.
35
RV infarction symptom?
Chest pain Autonomic symptom (diaphoresis and vomiting) Raised JVP and Kussmaul sign Clear chest transient Bradycardia AV block due to vagal tone. hypotension
36
ECG finding?
St elevation in II, III, and avf or rt precordial led 4-6 Depression in I and avL
37
Management
Normal saline infusion Avoid nitrate and diuretics
38
Manifestation of heatstroke?
Temperature \>40 with CNS dysfunction tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension flushing and diaphoresis end-organ dysfunction hemoconcentration
39
Risk factors?
Elderly, obese, and poor physical fitness Alcohol and medication High to, high humidity and lack of ventilation
40
Management
Stabilization(ABC) Cooling(antipyretic is not indicated) management of organ complication