Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSCEs > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Position of the patient

A

45 degrees, expose the chest

And ask if they have any pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

General inspection

A

Bedside equipment

Comfortable at rest or SOB?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hands

A 
Splinter haemorrhages
finger clubbing
colour (hypoxia)
temperature/sweaty
Janeway lesions
Oslers nodes
Tar staining 
Xanthelasma
Cap refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Splinter hemorrhages suggestive of…

A 
bacterial endocarditis
(seen on nail bed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Finger clubbing test

A

place nails of index fingers together
should see small window (Schamroth’s window)= normal
loss of window=abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Finger clubbing suggestive of…

A

infective endocarditis

congenital cyanotic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cool peripheries suggestive of…

A

poor cardiac output / hypovolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sweaty/clammy hands suggestive of…

A

acute coronary syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Janeway lesions, what are they and what do they suggest?

A

Non tender maculopapular erythematous nodules

bacterial endocardities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oslers nodes, what are they and what do they suggest?

A

Tender red nodules on finger pulps

infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Xanthomata?

A

raised yellow lesions tend to be on wrist

hyperlipidaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What pulses do you feel?

A 
Radial pulse
Radio-radial delay
Collapsing pulse
(check BP here)
carotid pulse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you assess when feeling a pulse?

A

Rate, rhythm, volume and character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radio-radial delay?

A

Aortic coarctation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Collapsing pulse?

A

Check the patient has no pain in shoulder before performing!!!!
Physiological in fever and pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathological causes of collapsing pulse?

A

Pathological: aortic regurg, patent ductus arteriosis, anaemia or thyrotoxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carotid pulse

A

Auscultate for bruit first!! As palpation could dislodge emobli or thrombus > stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to measure JVP?

A

cm from sternal angle to upper border of pulsation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes raised JVP?

A

fluid overload
RVF
Tricuspid regurg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eye signs and what they mean.

A

Conjunctival pallor > anaemia
Corneal arcus- yellow/greyish ring surrounding the iris > hypercholesterolaemia
Xanthelasma- yellow nodules surrounding eyes> hypercholesterolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mouth signs

A

Central cyanosis
Angular stomatitis > iron deficiency
high arched palate
dental hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is dental hygiene important?

A

Endocarditis

23
Q

What is important about a high arched palate?

A

Suggestive of Marfans > increased risk of aortic dissection/aneurysm

24
Q

Clavicular scar

A

Pacemaker

25
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

sunken chest

26
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

pigeon chest- chest is pushed out

27
Q

Chest process

A

Inspect
Palpate
Auscultate

28
Q

Chest inspection

A

Scars

remember to check underarms

29
Q

Palpation

A

Heaves, thrills, apex beat

30
Q

Heaves

A

L sternal edge = Ventricular hypertrophy

31
Q

What is a thrill?

A

Palpable murmur

32
Q

Where is the apex beat?

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

point this out to the examiner

33
Q

Displacement of the apex beat?

A

Cardiomegaly

34
Q

During auscultation what do you do?

A

Palpate the carotid as well to time the pulse

Use diaphragm and bell

35
Q

Location of aortic valve

A

R upper sternal edge (2nd intercostal space)

36
Q

Location of pulmonary valve

A

L upper sternal edge (2nd intercostal space)

37
Q

Location of tricuspid valve

A

L lower border of sternum (4th/5th intercostal space)

38
Q

Location of mitral valve

A

Apex (5th intercostal space, midclavicular line)

39
Q

What murmur radiates to the axilla?

A

Mitral regurg

40
Q

What murmur radiates to the carotids?

A

Aortic stenosis

41
Q

Auscultation manoeuvre for mitral murmur

A

Roll onto left side and listen at apex with bell

42
Q

Auscultation manoeuvre for aortic murmur

A

Lean forward and listen with diaphragm and L lower sternal edge and during held expiration

43
Q

To end precordial exam:

A

Auscultate posterior lower lung bases (for pulmonary oedema- LVF)
Palpate for sacral oedema (RVF)

44
Q

Suggestion for further exam

A 
peripheral vascular examine
12 lead ECG
Fundoscopy if hypertensive
Urine dipstick if hypertensive
BG level if diabetic
45
Q

Peripheral vascular examine includes…

A

Upper AND lower limb

and potentially abdomen for aorta

46
Q

Inspection of the legs

A 
Scars
hair loss- PVD
discolouration
pallor- poor perfusion
missing limbs or toes- look between toes and posterior leg!
ulcers
muscle wasting- PVD
ask patient to wiggle their toes
47
Q

Palpation of leg

A

Temperature
Cap refill
Pulses

48
Q

What pulses do you palpate in lower limb?

A

Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis

49
Q

Femoral pulse

A

Halfway between ASIS and pubic symphasis

Assess for radio-femoral delay (coarctation of aorta)

50
Q

Popliteal pulse

A

Flex knee to 45 degrees
Place thumbs on tibial tuberosity
Place fingers in popliteal fossa, press quite hard as it is a deep pulse

51
Q

Posterior tibial pulse

A

Posterior to medial malleolus of tibia

compare to other foot

52
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

lateral to EHL tendon
Over 2nd/3rd cuneiform
compare to other foot

53
Q

Buerger test

A

patient is supine
raise patients feet to 45 degrees for 2-3 mins
note any pallor
then ask patient to place legs over the edge of bed- watch for any extreme redness

54
Q

Suggestion for further exam

A

ABPI

lower limb neuro exam

OSCEs (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions