cardio 3 Flashcards
what is Acquired stenosis
failure of valve to open completely, resulting in blockage of forward flow
mitral valve stenosis is usually due to ________
chronic (recurrent) rheumatic valvular disease
what is the underlying systemic disease that causes this mitral valve stenosis?
Acute rheumatic fever
acute rheumatic fever is caused by what
group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.
myocarditis, pericarditis, arthralgia or arthritis, and other manifestations are caused by what
acute rheumatic fever
The myocarditis is characterized microscopically by _______ which are
Aschoff bodies
Aschoff bodies
are collections of mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts (essentially granulomatous inflammation).
Recurrent bouts of RF eventually lead to….
severe FIBROSIS and CALCIFICATION of the mitral valve and possibly other heart valves.
The disease is thought to be due to the production of _______ against the streptococcal bacteria which cross react with various antigens in the heart, joints and other sites.
antibodies
Regurgitation (insufficiency) is what
refers to a valve that fails to close completely, allowing backflow of blood
what is Mitral valve prolapse
is a condition in which the leaflets balloon into the left atrium during left ventricular contraction (systole).
T/F Severe prolapse may be associated with valvular regurgitation
TRUE!!!!!!!!!
severe prolapse is also called what
floppy mitral valve
T/F patients usually dont experience chest pain and palpitations with mitral valve prolapse
false, they sometimes do
in severe prolapse the mitral valves are large and floppy because….
microscopically show 1) fragmentation,
2) separation and 3) loss of collagen (myxomatous degeneration).
T/F Floppy mitral valve may be an isolated abnormality or part of a systemic connective tissue disorder such as Marfan syndrome.
TRUE
what is a systemic CT disorder
marfan syndrome
T/F aortic valve stenosis is very similar to mitral valve stenosis
TRUE, Fibrosis and calcification reduce the valve cusp mobility.
causes of aortic valve stenosis?
- chronic rheumatic valvular disease
2. may occur with advanced age (over 65 years)
The mechanisms include valve cusp destruction (endocarditis), myxomatous
degeneration and dilation of the aortic root.
aortic valve regurgitation
Infective Endocarditis usually caused by what
bacterial infection in a heart valve, although it may also be caused by fungus or other unusual infections
The three factors that
have been identified as having importance in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis include:
1 ) endocardial or endothelial injury due to abnormalities in blood flow;
2 ) fibrin thrombi; and
3 ) organisms in the blood.