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Pharm > Cardiac/Renal > Flashcards

Cardiac/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What do you give a pregnant female with pre-eclampsia?

A

Labetalol
Hydralazine
Nifedipine
Nitroglycerin

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2
Q

Thiazide diuretic drugs (5)

A 
Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Indapamide (can be given to patients with high cholesterol)
Metolazene
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3
Q

Loop diuretics (4)

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Tosemide
Ethacrynic acid

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4
Q

Osmotic diuretics (2)

A

Manitol

Urea

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5
Q

Carbonic Anhydraze (2)

A

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide

Rx: acidic drug overdose.

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6
Q

K+ sparing (4)

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
Amiloride
Triamterene
Eplerenone (similar to spironolactone with less SE)

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7
Q

ACE-I

A

Drugs that end in -pril

Captopril, lisinopril, Enalapril (IV HTN)

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8
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)

A

Drugs that end in -sartan

Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, and irbesartan

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9
Q

Beta blockers (general ending and 4 special ones)

A

Drugs that end in -olol
Propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol, bisprolol

Nebivolol: B1 w/ antioxidant properties
Carvedilol and Labetalol: blocks both alpha and beta receptors
Sotolol: causes an increase in Q-T interval and can cause arrhythmia.

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10
Q

Calcium Channel blockers (CCB) and exceptions to rule (2)

A

Drugs that end in -dipine are dihydropyrimidines (effect vascular tissues)
Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Isradipine, Feldipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine (subarachnoid hemorrhage, prevents vaso spasms)

Exceptions: Diltiazem and Verapamil (non-hydropyridines effect the heart)

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11
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (2)

A

Clonadine and alpha methyl dopa

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12
Q

Adrenergic Neuronal blockers (2)

A

Guanethidine: contraindicated with anti-depressants
Reserpine: SE depression and suicide

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13
Q

Alpha blockers

A

Drugs that end in -azocin (think alpha zocin)
Prazocin, doxazocin, and terazocin

Lower BP and used for BPH

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14
Q

Vasodilators (5)

A 
Hydralazine (SLE/hemolytic anemia)
Sodium Nitroprusside (cyanosis)
Minoxidil (Rogain)
Diazoxide (IV HTN)
Fenoldopam
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15
Q

Class 1A: Na Channel blockers (big guns; 3)

A

Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide

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16
Q

Class 1B: Blocks inactivated Na Channels (big guns; 3)

A

Lidocaine
Tocainide
Mexiletine

17
Q

Class 1C: Blocks both types of Na channels (big guns; 3)

A

Flecainide
propafenone
moricizine

18
Q

Class 2 Beta blockers

A

Propranolol
Acebutolol
Esmolol (IV for SVT, cause short half life)
Metoprolol

19
Q

Class 3: K channel Blockers (Big guns; 5)

A 
Amiodarone (blue person)
Ibutilide
Dofetilide 
Dronaderone 
Sotalol
20
Q

Class 4: Calcium Channel Blocker (2)

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

21
Q

Class 5: Others

A

Adenosine
Digoxin
Magnesium Sulfate

22
Q

Angina Nitrates (3)

A

Nitroglycerine (pivotal drug for angina)
Nitric oxide
Isosorbide

23
Q

BB with similar effects of nitrates (2)

A

Carvedilol and Lebatalol

They have both alpha 1 and beta blocker activity

24
Q

What category does Bepridil fall into?

A

CCB for angina, which causes dilation of coronary arteries

25
Q

Metabolic modifier (1)

A

Ranolazine, which limits Na influx.

26
Q

Positively Inotropic Drugs (3) used in heart failure

A

Digitalis Glycoside: Digoxin
Adrenoreceptor agnost: Dobutamine
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor: Milrinone

27
Q

How does digitalis work?

A

Blocks Na/K ATPase pump, which indirectly blocks the Na/Ca pump, thus keeping intracellular Ca high and increasing contractility.
Causes hypokalemia
Don’t give digoxin in wolf parkinson white.

28
Q 
Inotropic Drugs 
(MOA= inhibits phosphodiesterase causing cAMP increase and dilation)
A 
Drugs that end in -rinone.
Amrinone
Inamrinone (thrombocytopenia)
Milrinone (decrease survival in HF)
29
Q

Drug given for acute heart failure?

A

Dobutamine, which increases contractility.

30
Q

Na Channel blockers (big guns)

A

Class 1A: Quinidine, Procainamide, and Disopyramide.

Increased increase APD and ERP in atria, ventricles, and purkinje fibers.

Pharm (4 decks)

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