Cardiac/Renal Flashcards
What do you give a pregnant female with pre-eclampsia?
Labetalol
Hydralazine
Nifedipine
Nitroglycerin
Thiazide diuretic drugs (5)
Chlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Chlorthalidone Indapamide (can be given to patients with high cholesterol) Metolazene
Loop diuretics (4)
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Tosemide
Ethacrynic acid
Osmotic diuretics (2)
Manitol
Urea
Carbonic Anhydraze (2)
Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide
Rx: acidic drug overdose.
K+ sparing (4)
Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
Amiloride
Triamterene
Eplerenone (similar to spironolactone with less SE)
ACE-I
Drugs that end in -pril
Captopril, lisinopril, Enalapril (IV HTN)
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
Drugs that end in -sartan
Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, and irbesartan
Beta blockers (general ending and 4 special ones)
Drugs that end in -olol
Propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol, bisprolol
Nebivolol: B1 w/ antioxidant properties
Carvedilol and Labetalol: blocks both alpha and beta receptors
Sotolol: causes an increase in Q-T interval and can cause arrhythmia.
Calcium Channel blockers (CCB) and exceptions to rule (2)
Drugs that end in -dipine are dihydropyrimidines (effect vascular tissues)
Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Isradipine, Feldipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine (subarachnoid hemorrhage, prevents vaso spasms)
Exceptions: Diltiazem and Verapamil (non-hydropyridines effect the heart)
Alpha 2 agonist (2)
Clonadine and alpha methyl dopa
Adrenergic Neuronal blockers (2)
Guanethidine: contraindicated with anti-depressants
Reserpine: SE depression and suicide
Alpha blockers
Drugs that end in -azocin (think alpha zocin)
Prazocin, doxazocin, and terazocin
Lower BP and used for BPH
Vasodilators (5)
Hydralazine (SLE/hemolytic anemia) Sodium Nitroprusside (cyanosis) Minoxidil (Rogain) Diazoxide (IV HTN) Fenoldopam
Class 1A: Na Channel blockers (big guns; 3)
Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
Class 1B: Blocks inactivated Na Channels (big guns; 3)
Lidocaine
Tocainide
Mexiletine
Class 1C: Blocks both types of Na channels (big guns; 3)
Flecainide
propafenone
moricizine
Class 2 Beta blockers
Propranolol
Acebutolol
Esmolol (IV for SVT, cause short half life)
Metoprolol
Class 3: K channel Blockers (Big guns; 5)
Amiodarone (blue person) Ibutilide Dofetilide Dronaderone Sotalol
Class 4: Calcium Channel Blocker (2)
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Class 5: Others
Adenosine
Digoxin
Magnesium Sulfate
Angina Nitrates (3)
Nitroglycerine (pivotal drug for angina)
Nitric oxide
Isosorbide
BB with similar effects of nitrates (2)
Carvedilol and Lebatalol
They have both alpha 1 and beta blocker activity
What category does Bepridil fall into?
CCB for angina, which causes dilation of coronary arteries
Metabolic modifier (1)
Ranolazine, which limits Na influx.
Positively Inotropic Drugs (3) used in heart failure
Digitalis Glycoside: Digoxin
Adrenoreceptor agnost: Dobutamine
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor: Milrinone
How does digitalis work?
Blocks Na/K ATPase pump, which indirectly blocks the Na/Ca pump, thus keeping intracellular Ca high and increasing contractility.
Causes hypokalemia
Don’t give digoxin in wolf parkinson white.
Inotropic Drugs (MOA= inhibits phosphodiesterase causing cAMP increase and dilation)
Drugs that end in -rinone. Amrinone Inamrinone (thrombocytopenia) Milrinone (decrease survival in HF)
Drug given for acute heart failure?
Dobutamine, which increases contractility.
Na Channel blockers (big guns)
Class 1A: Quinidine, Procainamide, and Disopyramide.
Increased increase APD and ERP in atria, ventricles, and purkinje fibers.
