Cardiac performance Flashcards
ratio of pressure in right ventricle to left ventricle
1:5-1:6
stroke power
stroke work divided by ejection time (like physics) kW/hr
using Doppler to measure tricuspid regurg
Doppler can measure the ratio of RV:RA pressure based on the flow and the RA pressure can be estimated by the JVD,
wedge pressure: where taken and significance
taken in the first branch of the pulmonary artery (through right heart); as this is continuous with the left atrium, this measurement is effectively the filling pressure of the left ventricle; a.k.a. preload
s3 sound is caused by
rapid ventricular filling
s4 sound is caused by
atrial contraction
s1 sounds 2 parts are
chordae tendinae contraction and vibrations associated with acceleration of blood into the aorta
s1 splitting
when the mitral and tricuspid valves don’t close at quite the same time
two components of s2
closure of pulmonary and aortic valves
s2 separation (in general) is caused by
inspiration: low intra-thoracic pressure causes the right ventricle to be loaded and the left ventricle to be unloaded
low intra-thoracic pressure causes the lungs to act like a blood sponge p.267
s2 separation due to hypertension
whichever system is hypertensive will have the louder sound p.268
permanent s2 separation
indicative of a left to right shunt; either an ASD or a VSD p.268
paradoxical splitting of S2
pulmonic valve closes first b/c of either left bundle branch block or depressed LV p.269
s3 sounds are specifically…
sudden termination of ventricular filling causing vibrations through the ventricle: low pitch due to ventricular relaxation p.270
s3 sounds are indicative of….
youth (young people have them); endurance athletes have them; protodiastolic gallop = eccentric hypertrophy (chronic volume overload - preload too high)
p.270
