Cardiac Path II Flashcards

1
Q

heart block

A

dysfunctional AV node

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2
Q

first degree heart block

A

prolonged PR interval

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3
Q

second degree heart block

A

intermittent transmission

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4
Q

third degree heart block

A

complete failure

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5
Q

sick sinus syndrome

A

SA node damaged

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6
Q

most common inherited arrhythmogenic disease

A

long QT syndrome

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7
Q

sudden cardiac death

A

due to a fatal arrhythmia, most often arising from ischemia-induced myocardial irritability

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8
Q

acute cor pulmonale cause

A

may arise from large pulmonary embolism; dilation of RV without hypertrophy

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9
Q

appearance of heart with left sided (systemic) hypertensive disease

A

concentrically thickened left ventricle with decreased lumen size

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10
Q

some predisposing disorders for Cor pulmonale

A

cystic fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis, marked obesity

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11
Q

functional regurgitation

A

incompetence of a valve stemming from an abnormality in one of its support structures, as opposed to a primary valve defect

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12
Q

valvular stenosis

A

valve doesn’t open completely, impedes forward flow, chronic stenosis may cause pressure overload hypertrophy

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13
Q

valvular insufficiency

A

valve doesn’t close completely, allows reversed flow, chronic insufficiency may cause volume overload hypertrophy

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14
Q

subungual hemorrhage

A

hemorrhage under nail

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15
Q

janeway lesion

A

small hemorrhagic lesions on palms/soles of feet

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16
Q

osler nodes

A

tender bumps in pulp of digits

17
Q

roth spots

A

retinal hemorrhages

18
Q

what is nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis highly associated with?

A

mucinous adenocarcinoma

19
Q

where carcinoid heart disease affect?

A

right endocardium and valves; left side is protected due to pulmonary vascular bed degradation of mediators

20
Q

what is hereditary hemochromatosis highly related to?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

21
Q

What is naxos syndrome and what is it associated with?

A
  • hyperkeratosis of plantar palmar skin surfaces;
  • mutation in protein plakoglobin;
  • associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
22
Q

What kind of cardiomyopathy is indicated when a tissue sample shows apple green birefringence with a congo red stain?

A

amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy

23
Q

What is myocarditis most commonly caused by?

A

Coxsackie A and B viruses; also trypanosoma cruzi

24
Q

what is the stain for T. Cruzi, associated with myocarditis?

A

giemsa stain

25
what is loud pericardial friction rub associated with?
fibrinous and serofibrinous pericardial disease
26
dressler's syndrome
fibrinous pericarditis following an MI
27
hemorrhagic pericarditis
exudate composed of blood mixed with a fibrinous or suppurative effusion * most commonly caused by spread of malignant neoplasm to the pericardial space
28
most common primary cardiac tumor
myxoma
29
elaboration of IL-6 with "plop" on auscultation
cardiac myxoma
30
sea-anemone-like lesions on cardiac valves
papillary fibroelastoma
31
most frequent primary tumor of the pediatric heart
rhabdomyoma
32
most important long term limitation of heart transplantation
allograft arteriopathy | *stenosing intimal proliferation