Cardiac Path II Flashcards
heart block
dysfunctional AV node
first degree heart block
prolonged PR interval
second degree heart block
intermittent transmission
third degree heart block
complete failure
sick sinus syndrome
SA node damaged
most common inherited arrhythmogenic disease
long QT syndrome
sudden cardiac death
due to a fatal arrhythmia, most often arising from ischemia-induced myocardial irritability
acute cor pulmonale cause
may arise from large pulmonary embolism; dilation of RV without hypertrophy
appearance of heart with left sided (systemic) hypertensive disease
concentrically thickened left ventricle with decreased lumen size
some predisposing disorders for Cor pulmonale
cystic fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis, marked obesity
functional regurgitation
incompetence of a valve stemming from an abnormality in one of its support structures, as opposed to a primary valve defect
valvular stenosis
valve doesn’t open completely, impedes forward flow, chronic stenosis may cause pressure overload hypertrophy
valvular insufficiency
valve doesn’t close completely, allows reversed flow, chronic insufficiency may cause volume overload hypertrophy
subungual hemorrhage
hemorrhage under nail
janeway lesion
small hemorrhagic lesions on palms/soles of feet
osler nodes
tender bumps in pulp of digits
roth spots
retinal hemorrhages
what is nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis highly associated with?
mucinous adenocarcinoma
where carcinoid heart disease affect?
right endocardium and valves; left side is protected due to pulmonary vascular bed degradation of mediators
what is hereditary hemochromatosis highly related to?
dilated cardiomyopathy
What is naxos syndrome and what is it associated with?
- hyperkeratosis of plantar palmar skin surfaces;
- mutation in protein plakoglobin;
- associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
What kind of cardiomyopathy is indicated when a tissue sample shows apple green birefringence with a congo red stain?
amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy
What is myocarditis most commonly caused by?
Coxsackie A and B viruses; also trypanosoma cruzi
what is the stain for T. Cruzi, associated with myocarditis?
giemsa stain
what is loud pericardial friction rub associated with?
fibrinous and serofibrinous pericardial disease
dressler’s syndrome
fibrinous pericarditis following an MI
hemorrhagic pericarditis
exudate composed of blood mixed with a fibrinous or suppurative effusion
* most commonly caused by spread of malignant neoplasm to the pericardial space
most common primary cardiac tumor
myxoma
elaboration of IL-6 with “plop” on auscultation
cardiac myxoma
sea-anemone-like lesions on cardiac valves
papillary fibroelastoma
most frequent primary tumor of the pediatric heart
rhabdomyoma
most important long term limitation of heart transplantation
allograft arteriopathy
*stenosing intimal proliferation
