Cardiac Path II

Question 1

heart block

Answer 1

dysfunctional AV node

Question 2

first degree heart block

Answer 2

prolonged PR interval

Question 3

second degree heart block

Answer 3

intermittent transmission

Question 4

third degree heart block

Answer 4

complete failure

Question 5

sick sinus syndrome

Answer 5

SA node damaged

Question 6

most common inherited arrhythmogenic disease

Answer 6

long QT syndrome

Question 7

sudden cardiac death

Answer 7

due to a fatal arrhythmia, most often arising from ischemia-induced myocardial irritability

Question 8

acute cor pulmonale cause

Answer 8

may arise from large pulmonary embolism; dilation of RV without hypertrophy

Question 9

appearance of heart with left sided (systemic) hypertensive disease

Answer 9

concentrically thickened left ventricle with decreased lumen size

Question 10

some predisposing disorders for Cor pulmonale

Answer 10

cystic fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis, marked obesity

Question 11

functional regurgitation

Answer 11

incompetence of a valve stemming from an abnormality in one of its support structures, as opposed to a primary valve defect

Question 12

valvular stenosis

Answer 12

valve doesn’t open completely, impedes forward flow, chronic stenosis may cause pressure overload hypertrophy

Question 13

valvular insufficiency

Answer 13

valve doesn’t close completely, allows reversed flow, chronic insufficiency may cause volume overload hypertrophy

Question 14

subungual hemorrhage

Answer 14

hemorrhage under nail

Question 15

janeway lesion

Answer 15

small hemorrhagic lesions on palms/soles of feet

Question 16

osler nodes

Answer 16

tender bumps in pulp of digits

Question 17

roth spots

Answer 17

retinal hemorrhages

Question 18

what is nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis highly associated with?

Answer 18

mucinous adenocarcinoma

Question 19

where carcinoid heart disease affect?

Answer 19

right endocardium and valves; left side is protected due to pulmonary vascular bed degradation of mediators

Question 20

what is hereditary hemochromatosis highly related to?

Answer 20

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 21

What is naxos syndrome and what is it associated with?

Answer 21

• hyperkeratosis of plantar palmar skin surfaces;
• mutation in protein plakoglobin;
• associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 22

What kind of cardiomyopathy is indicated when a tissue sample shows apple green birefringence with a congo red stain?

Answer 22

amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 23

What is myocarditis most commonly caused by?

Answer 23

Coxsackie A and B viruses; also trypanosoma cruzi

Question 24

what is the stain for T. Cruzi, associated with myocarditis?

Answer 24

giemsa stain

Question 25

what is loud pericardial friction rub associated with?

Answer 25

fibrinous and serofibrinous pericardial disease

Question 26

dressler’s syndrome

Answer 26

fibrinous pericarditis following an MI

Question 27

hemorrhagic pericarditis

Answer 27

exudate composed of blood mixed with a fibrinous or suppurative effusion
* most commonly caused by spread of malignant neoplasm to the pericardial space

Question 28

most common primary cardiac tumor

Answer 28

myxoma

Question 29

elaboration of IL-6 with “plop” on auscultation

Answer 29

cardiac myxoma

Question 30

sea-anemone-like lesions on cardiac valves

Answer 30

papillary fibroelastoma

Question 31

most frequent primary tumor of the pediatric heart

Answer 31

rhabdomyoma

Question 32

most important long term limitation of heart transplantation

Answer 32

allograft arteriopathy

*stenosing intimal proliferation