cardiac monitoring

Question 0

tx of sinus tachy

Answer 0

1. digitalis

2. beta blockers

Question 1

tx of bradycardia

Answer 1

atropine

Question 2

PAC

Answer 2

1. P wave looks diff n comes sooner

2. tx lidocaine

Question 3

PVC

Answer 3

QRS wide n abnormal

tx

1. lidocaine
2. procainamide
3. propranolol

Question 4

atrial fib

Answer 4

P wave cannot b distinguished

tx

1. cardioversion
2. propranolol
3. digitalis

Question 5

atrial flutter

Answer 5

“sawtooth”

tx

1. cardioversion
2. carotid artery massage
3. procainamide
4. digitalis
5. tranquilizers

Question 6

tx for vtach

Answer 6

1. lidocaine
2. defibrillation
3. cpr

Question 7

first degree heart block

Answer 7

PR longer than 0.20s

tx

1. atropine
2. isoproterenol

Question 8

art line complications

Answer 8

1. infection
2. hemorrhage
3. ischemia
4. thrombosis

Question 9

PvO2 value

Answer 9

35-45

Question 10

QT formula (cardiac output)

Answer 10

VO2/ (CaO2-CvO2) x10

Question 11

total arterial content (CaO2)

Answer 11

(1. 34xHbxSaO2)

* choose number closer to answer

Question 12

venous O2 content

Answer 12

(1.34xHbxSvO2)

Question 13

intrapulmonary shunting

Answer 13

normal is 2-5 % of cardiac output

Question 14

conditions that increase physiologic shunting

Answer 14

1. pneumonia
2. pneumothorax
3. pulmonary edema
4. atelectasis

Question 16

shunt equation (QS/QT)

Answer 16

(PAO2-PaO2)(0.003) / (4.5vol%)+(PA02=PaO2)(0.003)

shortcut*
A-a gradientx0.003 / (A-a gradientx0.003)+4.5

Question 17

O2 consumption (VO2)

Answer 17

QT(CvO2-CaO2) x10

Question 18

shunt normal value

Answer 18

2-5%

Question 19

deadspace ratio (VD/VT)

Answer 19

normal 25%-35% of Vt

PaCO2-PeCO2 / PaCO2
answer x vt, then substruct from vt

Question 20

minute ventilation equation

Answer 20

VTxRR

when deadspace is mentioned, subtract deadspace from VT.

Question 21

O2 consumption in tissues

Answer 21

C(a-v)O2
or
CaO2-CvO2

Question 22

A-a gradient

Answer 22

P(A-a)O2

should be <300

Question 23

airway resistance

Answer 23

PIP-Pplat/flow

Question 24

P/F ratio

Answer 24

PaO2/FiO2
normal 400-500mmHg
>200 for weaning

< 300 hypoxemia (ALI)
< 200 severe hypoxemia (ARDS)