Cardiac Hemodynamics

Question 1

BP >140/90 on 2 separate occasions

Answer 1

High BP

Question 2

Average pressure over the entire cardiac cycle

Answer 2

Mean pressure

Question 3

How to calculate mean pressure (MAP=)

Answer 3

MAP= [(2xdiastolic) + systolic]/3

Question 4

The difference of pressure between two adjacent locations within the heart or vascular system

Answer 4

Pressure gradient

Question 5

Bernoulli’s equation states what?

Answer 5

As pressure gradient increases, velocity increases

Change in pressure = 4 x Velocity^2

Question 6

The 4 phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

1. IVCT
2. Systole
3. IVRT
4. Diastole

Question 7

The period of time between MV closure and AV opening

Answer 7

IVCT

Question 8

How long does IVCT last?

Answer 8

30-50 ms

Question 9

How long does ventricular systole last?

Answer 9

200-300 ms

Question 10

The period of time after the AV has closed but before the MV opens

Answer 10

IVRT

Question 11

How long does IVRT last?

Answer 11

50-100 ms

Question 12

3 phases of diastole

Answer 12

1. Early/rapid filling
2. Diastasis
3. Late filling/atrial kick

Question 13

How long does early filling last?

Answer 13

150-220 ms

Question 14

Blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat

Answer 14

Stroke volume

Question 15

How to calculate SV from EDV and ESV

Answer 15

SV= EDV - ESV

Question 16

Blood pumped from the ventricle in one minute

Answer 16

Cardiac output

Question 17

How to calculate CO

Answer 17

CO = SV x HR

Question 18

How to calculate stroke volume using doppler

Answer 18

SV= CSA x VTI

Question 19

What is the O2 sats in deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

How is ischemia in the heart felt?

Answer 20

Angina pectoris

Question 21

4 factors affecting stroke volume

Answer 21

1. Preload
2. Afterload
3. Inotropic force
4. Chronotropic force

Question 22

The amount of blood volume in the ventricle at end diastole

Answer 22

Preload

Question 23

Increased preload does what to SV?

Answer 23

Increases it

Question 24

Increased afterload does what to SV and CO?

Answer 24

Decreases it

Question 25

Increased heart rate does what to SV and CO?

Answer 25

Decreases

Question 26

Inspiration does what to venous return to the RT heart?

Answer 26

Increases it

Question 27

Which phase of the cardiac cycle has ventricular pressure falling with all valves closed?

Answer 27

IVRT

Question 28

Which type of energy contributes the most to pedal edema

Answer 28

Gravitational

Question 29

Calculate MAP from these variable:
Systolic BP = 130mmHg
Diastolic BP = 90 mmHg

Answer 29

MAP = [(2x90) + 130]/3

103.33 mmHg

Question 30

The ventricles do about 70-75% of their filling during which stage of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 30

Early filling

Question 31

Which phase of the cardiac cycle happens when pressure between the atria and ventricles are almost equal?

Answer 31

Diastasis

Question 32

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the result of atrial contraction?

Answer 32

Late filling

Question 33

What is the normal range for mean pressure in the LA

Answer 33

2-12mmHg

Question 34

Calculate SV and CO with the following values:
LVOT diameter= 20 mm
LVOT VTI = 15cm
HR = 75 BPM

Answer 34

SV = CSA x VTI
=0.785 x 2^2 x 15
=47.1

CO=SV x HR
=3.5 L/min

Question 35

A high afterload such as high BP for many years can lead to what of the LV?

Answer 35

Hypertrophy

Question 36

Which law or principle is related to the stretch of the myocardium caused by an increase in volume of blood delivered to it?

Answer 36

Frank-Starling Law

Question 37

A decrease in inotropic force would lead to an increase in EF? True or false

Answer 37

False