Cardiac Auscultation

Question 1

S1 (lub) represents what?

Answer 1

MV and TV closure. The beginning of systole.

Question 2

What does S2 represent (dub)

Answer 2

AV and PV closure (end of systole)

Question 3

What is S1 and S2 composed of?

Answer 3

S1= M1 & T1
S2= A2 & P2

Question 4

What is S3? (Lub Dub Ta)

Answer 4

Caused by increased volume of blood in the ventricle when the MV opens. May signify CHF, can be normal in certain circumstances (athletes, pregnancy, etc)

Question 5

What is S4? (Ta Lub Dub)

Answer 5

Preceded S1 and is not normal. Caused by blood being forced into a very stiff ventricle

Question 6

What is are the most common pathologies causing a murmur?

Answer 6

Stenosis and regurgitation, and mitral prolapse

Question 7

Which valves cause a crescendo/decrescendo murmur?

Answer 7

Semilunar valve stenosis (AV & PV)

Question 8

What causes holo-phasic and pan-phasic murmurs?

Answer 8

Regurgitation

Question 9

Which valve is regurgitant with a pan systolic murmur heard at the left sternal border?

Answer 9

TR

Question 10

The sound of the heart rubbing against inflamed pericardium without fluid

Answer 10

Rub

Question 11

The sound of the heart beating against hardened pericardium with fluid between the layers

Answer 11

Knock

Question 12

What sound could pericarditis cause?

Answer 12

Rub

Question 13

What sound could a pericardial effusion cause?

Answer 13

Knock

Question 14

AS, PS, MR, TR

Answer 14

Systolic murmurs

Question 15

AR, PR, MS, TS

Answer 15

Diastolic murmurs