Apical, SubC, SSN- Anatomy, Measurements And Doppler Flashcards
Which view in apicals can you see the anteroseptal wall?
A3C
Which apical view can you see the inferior wall?
A2C
Which view in apical can you see the anterior wall?
A2C
Which view in apical can you see the inferolateral wall?
A3C
Which view in apical can you see the anterolateral wall?
A4C
Which view in apical can you see the inferoseptal wall?
A4C
Which cusps of the AV are visible in A3C?
RCC and NCC, just like in PLAX
Which chamber is closest to the probe in the subcostal view?
RV
Which chamber is furthest from the probe in the subcostal view?
LA
What are the order of the aortic branches on the ascending AO?
- Brachiocephalic/innominate artery
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian artery
Averages the A4C and A2C end-diastole/systole tracings to get what?
Simpson’s biplane- EF
What are normal ranges for males and females for biplane EF?
Male: 52-72%
Female: 54-74%
What is a normal measurement for the RVIDd?
<41mm
What are normal RA and LA volume indexes?
RA: <32 mL/m2
LA: <34 mL/m2
What do the waveforms mean over the MV inflow?
E wave- early filling
Diastasis- gap between E and A wave where the flow starts to slow into the LV
A wave- atrial kick
True or false. The A wave should be larger than the E
False
What is normal E wave deceleration time?
160-220 ms
What is a normal E/A ratio?
0.8-2.0
True or false: E/A reversal can be normal in older patients
True
The time between AV closure and MV opening
IVRT
What is normal duration for IVRT?
50-100ms
When is IVRT seen on MV trace?
Between the aortic outflow (below the baseline) and mitral inflow (E/A waves)
When we do MV TDI, we are looking at what changes of the LV?
Longitudinal
What is the PW measuring when doing TDI?
The velocity of the contraction and expansion of the tissues
Normal TDI values?
Medial >/=7 cm/s
Lateral >/=10 cm/s
What happens to velocity as the valve gets smaller?
It increases
When taking a CW through MR, how long does it last?
Throughout systole and IVRT
What information do when get when doing a tracing of the LVOT PW Doppler waveform from A5C?
LVOT V max
LVOT VTI
What information do we get when doing a trace of the CW through the AV in A5C?
AV VMax
AV VTI
AV peak and mean gradient
What is considered an abnormal AV velocity?
> 2.0 m/s
What are normal AV peak and mean gradients?
Peak: <10mmHg
Mean: <5mmHg
What info can you calculate from a peak velocity CW through TR?
RVSP
What is measured when doing TDI over the RV?
S prime, should be >9.5 cm/s
Which heart chamber is most anterior and most posterior in subcostal view?
Anterior- RV
Posterior- LA
What is the best view for assessing inter atrial shunts?
Subcostal 4 chamber
When can subcostal SAX be used?
When there’s no good parasternal windows
What is considered a dilated IVC?
> 21mm
What are the 3 branches of the aorta in the suprasternal view?
Brachiocephalic (innominate)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
