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Echo 1 > Apical, SubC, SSN- Anatomy, Measurements And Doppler > Flashcards

Apical, SubC, SSN- Anatomy, Measurements And Doppler Flashcards

1
Q

Which view in apicals can you see the anteroseptal wall?

A

A3C

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2
Q

Which apical view can you see the inferior wall?

A

A2C

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3
Q

Which view in apical can you see the anterior wall?

A

A2C

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4
Q

Which view in apical can you see the inferolateral wall?

A

A3C

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5
Q

Which view in apical can you see the anterolateral wall?

A

A4C

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6
Q

Which view in apical can you see the inferoseptal wall?

A

A4C

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7
Q

Which cusps of the AV are visible in A3C?

A

RCC and NCC, just like in PLAX

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8
Q

Which chamber is closest to the probe in the subcostal view?

A

RV

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9
Q

Which chamber is furthest from the probe in the subcostal view?

A

LA

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10
Q

What are the order of the aortic branches on the ascending AO?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic/innominate artery
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian artery
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11
Q

Averages the A4C and A2C end-diastole/systole tracings to get what?

A

Simpson’s biplane- EF

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12
Q

What are normal ranges for males and females for biplane EF?

A

Male: 52-72%
Female: 54-74%

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13
Q

What is a normal measurement for the RVIDd?

A

<41mm

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14
Q

What are normal RA and LA volume indexes?

A

RA: <32 mL/m2
LA: <34 mL/m2

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15
Q

What do the waveforms mean over the MV inflow?

A

E wave- early filling
Diastasis- gap between E and A wave where the flow starts to slow into the LV
A wave- atrial kick

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16
Q

True or false. The A wave should be larger than the E

A

False

17
Q

What is normal E wave deceleration time?

A

160-220 ms

18
Q

What is a normal E/A ratio?

A

0.8-2.0

19
Q

True or false: E/A reversal can be normal in older patients

A

True

20
Q

The time between AV closure and MV opening

A

IVRT

21
Q

What is normal duration for IVRT?

A

50-100ms

22
Q

When is IVRT seen on MV trace?

A

Between the aortic outflow (below the baseline) and mitral inflow (E/A waves)

23
Q

When we do MV TDI, we are looking at what changes of the LV?

A

Longitudinal

24
Q

What is the PW measuring when doing TDI?

A

The velocity of the contraction and expansion of the tissues

25
Q

Normal TDI values?

A

Medial >/=7 cm/s
Lateral >/=10 cm/s

26
Q

What happens to velocity as the valve gets smaller?

A

It increases

27
Q

When taking a CW through MR, how long does it last?

A

Throughout systole and IVRT

28
Q

What information do when get when doing a tracing of the LVOT PW Doppler waveform from A5C?

A

LVOT V max
LVOT VTI

29
Q

What information do we get when doing a trace of the CW through the AV in A5C?

A

AV VMax
AV VTI
AV peak and mean gradient

30
Q

What is considered an abnormal AV velocity?

A

> 2.0 m/s

31
Q

What are normal AV peak and mean gradients?

A

Peak: <10mmHg
Mean: <5mmHg

32
Q

What info can you calculate from a peak velocity CW through TR?

A

RVSP

33
Q

What is measured when doing TDI over the RV?

A

S prime, should be >9.5 cm/s

34
Q

Which heart chamber is most anterior and most posterior in subcostal view?

A

Anterior- RV
Posterior- LA

35
Q

What is the best view for assessing inter atrial shunts?

A

Subcostal 4 chamber

36
Q

When can subcostal SAX be used?

A

When there’s no good parasternal windows

37
Q

What is considered a dilated IVC?

A

> 21mm

38
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aorta in the suprasternal view?

A

Brachiocephalic (innominate)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Echo 1 (12 decks)

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